Evaluation of antihyperlipidemic and antitumor activities of isolated coumarins from Salvadora indica

Figures & data

Table 1. Effect of ethanol extract, xanthotoxin and umbelliferone from Salvadora indica on total cholesterol level (mg/dl) in the Triton-induced hyperlipidemic model.

Group	Initial	Total cholesterol level after the administration of Triton	Total cholesterol level the after 1 h of the last dose of vehicle/ drug treatment
Control	59.57 ± 0.58	71.52 ± 0.93	73.60 ± 0.54
Hyperlipidemic	59.74 ± 0.76	74.11 ± 0.54	85.97 ± 0.77
Standard (β-sitosterol)	57.60 ± 0.63	71.75 ± 0.33	58.80 ± 1.13
S. indica ethanol extract	56.51 ± 0.95	75.02 ± 1.03	66.80 ± 0.29^a
Xanthotoxin	59.29 ± 0.61	72.55 ± 1.15	64.94 ± 0.92^a
Umbelliferone	60.44 ± 0.88	73.42 ± 0.96	65.30 ± 0.62^a

Total cholesterol concentrations are estimated by standard method. Values are expressed as mean ± SEM for six animals in each group.

^ap < 0.01 compared with hyperlipidemic group.

Table 2. Effect of ethanol extract, xanthotoxin and umbelliferone from Salvadora indica on triglyceride level (mg/dl) in Triton-induced hyperlipidemic model.

Group	Initial	Triglyceride level after the administration of Triton	Triglyceride level after 1 h of the last dose of vehicle/ drug treatment
Control	58.85 ± 0.53	92.67 ± 0.35	101.30 ± 1.61
Hyperlipidemic	57.60 ± 0.31	84.10 ± 0.88	135.80 ± 1.95
Standard (β-sitosterol)	55.34 ± 0.78	83.58 ± 0.53	72.82 ± 0.82^a
S. indica ethanol extract	54.79 ± 0.79	89.46 ± 1.59	80.27 ± 0.27^a
Xanthotoxin	58.94 ± 0.23	90.63 ± 0.90	77.81 ± 0.42^a
Umbelliferone	55.15 ± 1.15	82.47 ± 1.07	78.26 ± 0.54^a

Triglyceride concentrations are estimated by standard method. Values are expressed as mean ± SEM for six animals in each group.

^ap < 0.001 compared with hyperlipidemic group.

Table 3. Effect of ethanol extract, xanthotoxin and umbelliferone from Salvadora indica on HDL level (mg/dl) in Triton-induced hyperlipidemic model.

Group	Initial	HDL level after the administration of Triton	HDL level after 1 h of the last dose of vehicle/ drug treatment
Control	53.12 ± 0.47	53.87 ± 0.64	53.92 ± 0.56
Hyperlipidemic	52.24 ± 0.31	52.60 ± 0.38	53.63 ± 0.93
Standard (β-sitosterol)	55.34 ± 0.78	56.22 ± 0.46	58.83 ± 0.38^a
S. indica ethanol extract	51.79 ± 0.58	52.03 ± 0.64	54.46 ± 0.51
Xanthotoxin	51.74 ± 0.23	53.88 ± 1.05	56.83 ± 0.26^a
Umbelliferone	52.33 ± 1.28	54.32 ± 0.92	56.49 ± 1.11^a

HDL concentrations are estimated by standard method. Values are expressed as mean ± SEM for six animals in each group.

^ap < 0.01 compared with hyperlipidemic group.

Table 4. Effect of ethanol extract, xanthotoxin and umbelliferone from Salvadora indica on LDL level (mg/dl) in Triton-induced hyperlipidemic model.

Group	Initial	LDL level after the administration of Triton	LDL level after 1 h of the last dose of vehicle/ drug treatment
Control	18.22 ± 0.29	36.18 ± 0.53	39.95 ± 0.85
Hyperlipidemic	13.66 ± 0.25	33.69 ± 0.50	58.50 ± 0.47
Standard (β-sitosterol)	13.32 ± 0.16	30.24 ± 0.59	27.56 ± 0.41^a
S. indica ethanol extract	15.97 ± 0.21	42.79 ± 0.69	40.53 ± 0.81^a
Xanthotoxin	13.11 ± 0.36	39.86 ± 0.59	34.20 ± 0.80^a
Umbelliferone	14.09 ± 0.73	38.44 ± 1.02	36.76 ± 1.39^a

LDL concentrations are estimated by standard method. Values are expressed as mean ± SEM for six animals in each group.

^ap < 0.01 compared with hyperlipidemic group.

Figure 1. (A) Liver section of control rat. (B) Liver section of rat treated with Triton. (C) Liver section of rat treated with Standard drug. (D) Liver section of rat treated with S. indica ethanolic extract.

Figure 2. (A) Liver section of rat treated with xanthotoxin. (B) Liver section of rat treated with umbelliferone.

Figure 3. Growth curve: effect of treatment on tumor growth in mice.

Table 5. Response of B16F10 mouse melanoma to the treatment with ethanol extract of S. indica, xanthotoxin and umbelliferone at the dose of 50 mg/kg.

Parameter	Control	Ethanol extract	Xanthotoxin	Umbelliferone
Silent period	01 ± 0.34	03 ± 0.44	09 ± 0.63	05 ± 0.40^a
Volume doubling time (VDT), days	02 ± 0.28	03 ± 0.52	04 ± 0.17	03 ± 0.28^b
Growth delay (GD), days	–	01 ± 0.20	03 ± 0.51	02 ± 0.37^c
Mean survival time (MST)	24 ± 0.98	26 ± 0.67	32 ± 0.43	29 ± 0.22^c

Silent period, VDT, GD and MST.

Values are expressed as mean ± S.E.M. for six animals in each group.

^ap < 0.0001; ^bp < 0.01 compared to control; ^cp < 0.001.