Hepatoprotective potential of Cassia auriculata roots on ethanol and antitubercular drug-induced hepatotoxicity in experimental models

Figures & data

Figure 1. Effect of methanol extract of Cassia auriculata (MECA) roots on serum AST, ALT, ALP and total cholesterol in ethanol-induced hepatotoxic rats. N = 6; Values are mean ± SEM. NC: normal control, EC: ethanol control, AST: aspartate transaminase, ALT: alanine transaminase, ALP: alkaline phosphatase, #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01 as compared to normal control group. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, as compared to ethanol control group. Data analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnet’s multiple test for comparison.

Figure 2. Effect of methanol extract of Cassia auriculata (MECA) roots on serum total proteins, albumin and total bilirubin in ethanol induced hepatotoxic rats. N = 6; Values are mean ± SEM. NC: normal control; EC: ethanol control. #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01 as compared to normal control group. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 when compared to ethanol control group. Data analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnet’s multiple test for comparison.

Table 1. Effect of methanol extract of Cassia auriculata (MECA) roots on serum AST, ALT, ALP and total bilirubin in ethanol-induced hepatotoxic rats.

Groups	AST (IU/l)	ALT (IU/l)	ALP (KA units/l)	Total bilirubin (mg/dl)
NC	203.73 ± 5.90	53.00 ± 5.58	176.4 ± 4.00	1.05 ± 0.29
EC	308.25 ± 5.44#	135.53 ± 21.35##	314.16 ± 18.26##	2.54 ± 0.19##
EC + Self-recovery	252.75 ± 12.18*	101.87 ± 3.96	268.66 ± 19.13	2.53 ± 0.27
EC + MECA 300 mg/kg	289.26 ± 19.63	70.70 ± 4.80**	253.6 ± 16.16	1.87 ± 0.21
EC + MECA 600 mg/kg	242.18 ± 9.49*	68.50 ± 14.45**	176.4 ± 12.52**	1.42 ± 0.30**
EC + Silymarin 100 mg/kg	225.90 ± 15.35*	75.60 ± 10.07**	186.01 ± 21**	1.41 ± 0.18**

Data are expressed as mean ± S.E.M. (n = 6). NC: normal control, EC: ethanol control. Data analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnet’s multiple test for comparison.

#p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01 as compared to normal control group.

*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 as compared to ethanol control group.

Table 2. Effect of methanol extract of Cassia auriculata (MECA) roots on serum total proteins, albumin, total cholesterol, liver thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and liver catalase in ethanol-induced hepatotoxic rats.

Groups	Total proteins (g/dl)	Albumin (g/dl)	Total cholesterol (mg/dl)	TBARS (n moles/mg wet liver)	CAT (units/min)
NC	7.85 ± 1.57	6.83 ± 0.23	33.086 ± 3.33	15.423 ± 3.24	5.96 ± 1.07
EC	5.51 ± 0.14#	4.82 ± 0.38##	64.39 ± 5.55#	35.26 ± 3.48#	1.45 ± 0.67##
EC + Self-recovery	3.64 ± 0.62	3.03 ± 0.25	64.39 ± 11.64	51.10 ± 6.16	0.44 ± 0.01
EC + MECA 300 mg/kg	7.28 ± 0.33*	2.95 ± 0.33	76.65 ± 8.54	57.21 ± 8.24	0.44 ± 0.01
EC + MECA 600 mg/kg	7.81 ± 0.77*	3.87 ± 0.41	47.92 ± 7.00*	51.10 ± 6.16*	0.98 ± 0.13
EC + Silymarin 100 mg/kg	7.70 ± 0.25**	4.01 ± 0.35	35.75 ± 5.11*	22.98 ± 3.74*	0.75 ± 0.01

Data are expressed as mean ± S.E.M. (n = 6). NC: normal control, EC: ethanol control. Data analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnet’s multiple test for comparison.

#p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01 as compared to normal control group.

*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 as compared to ethanol control group.

Figure 3. Effect of methanol extract of Cassia auriculata (MECA) roots on liver tissue TBARS levels in ethanol-induced hepatotoxic rats. N = 6; Values are mean ± SEM. NC: normal control, EC: ethanol control, TBARS: Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01 as compared to normal control group. *p < 0.05 when compared to ethanol control group. Data analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnet’s multiple test for comparison.

Figure 4. Effect of MECA on liver histopathology of ethanol treated rats. A = Normal control; B = Ethanol control: 40% Ethanol – 4 g/kg; C = Ethanol control + silymarin (100 mg/kg); D = Ethanol control + self recovery; E = Ethanol control + MECA (300 mg/kg); F = Ethanol control + MECA (600 mg/kg).

Figure 5. Effect of methanol extract of Cassia auriculata (MECA) roots on serum AST, ALT, ALP and total cholesterol in antitubercular drug-induced hepatotoxic rats. N = 6; Values are mean ± SEM. NC: normal control, ATC: antitubercular combination control; AST: aspartate transaminase, ALT: alanine transaminase, ALP: alkaline phosphatase, #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01 as compared to normal control group. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 as compared to antitubercular combination control group. Data analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnet’s multiple test for comparison.

Figure 6. Effect of methanol extract of Cassia auriculata (MECA) roots on serum total proteins, albumin and total bilirubin in antitubercular drug-induced hepatotoxic rats. N = 6; Values are mean ± SEM. NC: normal control, ATC: antitubercular combination control. #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01 as compared to normal control group. *p < 0.05 when compared to antitubercular combination control group. Data analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnet’s multiple test for comparison.

Table 3. Effect of methanol extract of Cassia auriculata (MECA) roots on serum AST, ALT, ALP and total bilirubin in antitubercular drug-induced hepatotoxic rats.

Groups	AST (IU/l)	ALT (IU/l)	ALP (KA units/l)	Total bilirubin (mg/dl)
NC	193.73 ± 5.90	36.003 ± 5.20	146.40 ± 8.15	0.345 ± 0.09
ATC	262.53 ± 11.53#	77.895 ± 6.36##	278.53 ± 15.85##	1.79 ± 0.15#
ATC + MECA 300 mg/kg	208.08 ± 13.64*	61.30 ± 2.78*	190.17 ± 22.53**	1.82 ± 0.70
ATC + MECA 600 mg/kg	196.6 ± 11.50*	55.50 ± 2.79**	181.84 ± 13.42**	0.51 ± 0.14*
ATC + Silymarin 100 mg/kg	168.33 ± 3.70**	54.92 ± 4.47**	177.16 ± 18.72**	0.47 ± 0.07*

Data are expressed as mean ± S.E.M. (n = 6). NC: normal control, ATC: antitubercular combination control. Data analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnet’s multiple test for comparison.

#p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01 as compared to normal control group.

*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 as compared to antitubercular combination control group.

Table 4. Effect of methanol extract of Cassia auriculata (MECA) roots on serum total proteins, albumin and total cholesterol in antitubercular drug-induced hepatotoxic rats.

Groups	Total proteins (g/dl)	Albumin (g/dl)	Total cholesterol (mg/dl)
NC	9.03 ± 0.56	3.92 ± 0.46	42.54 ± 2.44
ATC	4.56 ± 0.13##	3.75 ± 0.16	65.96 ± 3.49#
ATC + MECA 300 mg/kg	6.66 ± 0.50*	3.73 ± 0.24	52.035 ± 2.80
ATC + MECA 600 mg/kg	6.93 ± 0.59*	3.19 ± 0.19	44.79 ± 5.37*
ATC + Silymarin 100 mg/kg	6.63 ± 0.39**	4.09 ± 0.14	44.75 ± 5.37*

Data are expressed as mean ± S.E.M. (n = 6). NC: normal control, ATC: antitubercular combination control. Data analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnet’s multiple test for comparison.

#p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01 as compared to normal control group.

*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 as compared to antitubercular combination control group.

Figure 7. Effect of methanol extract of Cassia auriculata (MECA) roots on liver tissue TBARS levels in antitubercular drug-induced hepatotoxic rats. N = 6; Values are mean ± SEM. NC: normal control, ATC: antitubercular combination control, TBARS: Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. ##p < 0.01 as compared to normal control group. *p < 0.05 when compared to antitubercular combination control group. Data analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnet’s multiple test for comparison.

Table 5. Effect of methanol extract of Cassia auriculata (MECA) roots on liver SOD, GSH, CAT and TBARS in antitubercular drug-induced hepatotoxic rats.

Groups	SOD (U/mg protein used)	GSH (µ moles/mg wet liver)	CAT (U/min)	TBARS (n moles/mg wet liver)
NC	25.82 ± 1.47	0.20 ± 0.02	2.8 ± 0.35	2.57 ± 0.48
ATC	9.93 ± 1.14##	0.13 ± 0.00#	0.53 ± 0.25##	6.27 ± 0.18##
ATC + MECA 300 mg/kg	20.69 ± 3.71*	0.17 ± 0.01	1.18 ± 0.26	7.07 ± 1.20
ATC + MECA 600 mg/kg	27.50 ± 2.29**	0.18 ± 0.00*	0.874 ± 0.37	3.81 ± 0.21*
ATC + Silymarin 100 mg/kg	21.42 ± 2.23**	0.19 ± 0.00*	1.66 ± 0.13*	3.44 ± 0.35*

Data are expressed as mean ± S.E.M. (n = 6). NC: normal control, ATC: antitubercular combination control. Data analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnet’s multiple test for comparison.

#p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01 as compared to normal control group.

*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 as compared to antitubercular combination control group.

Figure 8. Effect of MECA on liver histopathology of antitubercular drug treated rat. A = Normal control; B = Antitubercular combination control; C = Antitubercular combination control + silymarin (100 mg/kg); D = Antitubercular combination control + MECA (300 mg/kg); E = Antitubercular combination control + MECA (600 mg/kg).

Figure 9. Reducing power of methanol extract of Cassia auriculata (MECA) roots. MECA: Methanolic extract of Cassia auriculata, ASC ACID: Ascorbic acid.

Table 6. DPPH free radical scavenging activity of methanol extract of Cassia auriculata (MECA) roots.

% Inhibition
Concentration (µg/ml)	MECA	BHT
200	12.52 ± 0.01	21.95 ± 0.01
400	26.3 ± 0.02	29.33 ± 0.01
600	38.76 ± 0.02	51.43 ± 0.02
800	47.28 ± 0.02	52.54 ± 0.01
1000	68.62 ± 0.02	60.42 ± 0.02

Data are expressed as mean ± S.E.M. (n = 3). MECA: Methanol extact of Cassia auriculata roots, BHT: Butylated hydroxy toluene.

Table 7. Nitric oxide scavenging activity of methanol extract of Cassia auriculata (MECA) roots.

% Inhibition
Concentration (µg/ml)	MECA	ASCORBIC ACID
20	8.86 ± 0.02	27.86 ± 0.01
40	12.53 ± 0.03	36.16 ± 0.01
60	20.84 ± 0.01	43.04 ± 0.01
80	33.44 ± 0.02	55.69 ± 0.02
100	41.86 ± 0.02	69.42 ± 0.02

Data are expressed as mean ± S.E.M. (n = 3). MECA: Methanol extact of Cassia auriculata roots.