Figures & data
Figure 1. Chemical structure of mogroside V.
Figure 2. Effects of mogroside V on the number of total cells, neutrophils and macrophages in the BALF of LPS-induced ALI mice. Inflammatory cell counts in BALF obtained from challenged mice 12 h after LPS administration. Different cell counts were identified macrophage and neutrophil: (a) control (PBS treated mice); (b) mogroside V treated mice; (c) LPS-challenged mice; (d) LPS-challenged mice treated with mogroside V (2.5 mg/kg); (e) LPS-challenged mice treated with mogroside V (5 mg/kg); (f) LPS-challenged mice treated with mogroside V (10 mg/kg); (g) LPS-challenged mice treated with dexamethasone (2 mg/kg). The values presented are the means ± SEM (n = 5 in each group) of three independent in vivo experiments. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 versus LPS group.
Figure 3. Effects of mogroside V on production of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 in the BALF of LPS-induced ALI mice. Mice were given an oral administration of mogroside V 1 h prior to an i.n. administration of LPS. BALF was collected at 12 h following LPS challenge to analyze the inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8. The values presented are the means ± SEM (n = 5 in each group) of three independent in vivo experiments. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 versus LPS group.
Figure 4. Effects of mogroside V on the lung W/D ratio of LPS-induced ALI mice. Mice were given an oral administration of mogroside V 1 h prior to an i.n. administration of LPS. The lung W/D ratio was determined at 12 h after LPS challenge. The values presented are the means ± SEM (n = 5 in each group) of three independent in vivo experiments. *p < 0.05 versus LPS group.
Figure 5. Effects of mogroside V on MPO activity of LPS-induced ALI mice. Mice were given an oral administration of mogroside V 1 h prior to an i.n. administration of LPS. MPO activity was determined at 12 h after LPS challenge. The values presented are the means ± SEM of three independent in vivo experiments. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 versus LPS group.
Figure 6. (A) Effects of mogroside V on histological changes in lung tissues. Mice were given an oral administration of mogroside V 1 h prior to an i.n. administration of LPS. Lungs were processed for histological evaluation of lung tissue using HE staining at 12 h after LPS challenged (magnification 100×). (B) Effects of mogroside V on lung morphology. The slides were histopathologically evaluated using a semi-quantitative scoring method. Lung injury was graded from 0 (normal) to 4 (severe). Mean scores were obtained from five mice. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 versus LPS group.
Figure 7. Effects of mogroside V on lung iNOS, COX-2 and NF-κB expression in LPS-induced ALI mice. Immunoblotting of iNOS, COX-2 and NF-κB in proteins extracts of lung tissues isolated from mice 12 h after the LPS challenge pretreated with mogroside V β-actin was used as an internal control. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 versus LPS group.
