Consumption of Coprinus comatus polysaccharide extract causes recovery of alcoholic liver damage in rats

Figures & data

Figure 1. EtOH consumption levels for animals in all groups. The data are shown as the mean ± SE values (n = 8).

Table 1. ALT and AST levels in serum.

GROUP	ALT (U/L)	AST (U/L)
I	39 ± 20	114 ± 40
II	41 ± 40	109 ± 60
III	48 ± 30	127 ± 80
IV	70 ± 12^ab	162 ± 14^ab
V	62 ± 50^ab	133 ± 80

p < 0.05. ^aSignificantly different from Group I; ^bGroup II. Data are the mean ± SE.

Table 2. The activity levels of caspase-3, mitochondrial inner membrane load, mitochondrial outer membrane integrity, TotalStCox activity, and TotalMtStCox.

Group	Caspase-3 (µmol pNA/mg pro/dk)	Mitochondrial inner membrane load (U/mg protein)	Mitochondrial outer membrane integrity (%)	TotalStCox activity (U/mg protein)	TotalMtStCox activity (U/mg protein)
I	0.0969 ± 0.008	8113.88 ± 826.316	73.5537 ± 2.106	42.8963 ± 1.500	11.2425 ± 0.770
II	0.1087 ± 0.004	2872.13 ± 408.251^a	76.4188 ± 1.653	39.6325 ± 1.650	9.4525 ± 0.917
III	0.1039 ± 0.007	3856.13 ± 347.823^a	75.6787 ± 2.766	26.7425 ± 2.070^ab	6.5400 ± 0.990^ab
IV	0.1059 ± 0.010	4079.38 ± 48.779^a	67.5175 ± 1.517^b	26.5525 ± 2.600^ab	8.5375 ± 0.820^a
V	0.1008 ± 0.009	3314.50 ± 351.796^a	66.2850 ± 2.311^ab	21.4375 ± 2.990^ab	7.3113 ± 1.162^a

p < 0.05. ^aSignificantly different from Group I; ^bGroup II. Data are the mean ± SE.

Figure 2. Histopathological changes: (A) control rat liver. (B, C, and D) Alcohol-treated rat liver.

Table 3. Histopathologic evaluations for experimental groups (n = 8).

Group	Sinusoidal expansion	PMNL infiltration	Necrosis	Vacuolization	Hemorrhage
I	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.1
II	3.6^a	3.0^a	3.5^a	3.5^a	2.8^a
III	1.7^ab	2.0^ab	1.2^b	1.2^ab	2.1^ab
IV	3.2^ab	2.1^ab	2.0^ab	2.1^ab	3.7^ab
V	3.7^ab	3.2^ab	2.2^ab	2.2^ab	3.6^ab

p < 0.05. ^aSignificantly different from Group I; ^bGroup II. Data are the mean ± SE.

Figure 3. Histopathological changes in (A) alcohol + 50 mg/kg PS-treated rat liver; (B) alcohol + 100 mg/kg PS-treated rat liver; (C and D) alcohol +150 mg/kg PS-treated rat liver.

Figure 4. Transmission electron micrograph of hepatocytes obtained from the liver of control rats given water and food (N, nucleus; M, mitochondria).

Figure 5. (A) Lipid droplets, (B) melting of the structure of the mitochondrial cristae in the liver sections from Group II, (C and D) normal mitochondria and small lipid droplets in Group III, (E) lipid droplets in Group IV, (F) lipid droplets and swollen mitochondria in hepatocytes from Group V.