Gastrointestinal effect of methanol extract of Radix Aucklandiae and selected active substances on the transit activity of rat isolated intestinal strips

Figures & data

Figure 1. Chemical structures of costunolide and dehydrocostuslactone.

Table 1. Effects of different doses of RA ext on gastrointestinal transit in normal mice (n = 8).

Treatment group	Dosage (g/kg)	Gastric emptying (%)	Intestinal transit (%)
Vehicle	CMC-Na	67.86 ± 11.04	64.63 ± 10.54
RA	0.1	73.25 ± 9.43	55.73 ± 6.68
RA	0.2	76.53 ± 11.25	51.49 ± 9.60**
RA	0.3	74.19 ± 9.18	46.10 ± 6.39**
RA	0.4	70.99 ± 9.67	42.33 ± 10.87**

Compared with normal mice: **p < 0.01. One-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s t-test.

Table 2. Effects of different doses of RA ext on gastrointestinal transit in neostigmine mice (n = 8).

Treatment group	Dosage (g/kg)	Gastric emptying (%)	Intestinal transit (%)
Neostigmine	10^−4	90.66 ± 3.85	86.21 ± 17.11
Trimebutine maleate	0.5	79.25 ± 6.41*	55.54 ± 5.05**
RA	0.1	87.90 ± 8.02	78.49 ± 12.41
RA	0.2	86.66 ± 13.13	70.78 ± 8.93*
RA	0.3	82.55 ± 11.61*	74.74 ± 8.38*
RA	0.4	80.99 ± 8.73*	75.71 ± 14.80

Compared with neostigmine mice: *p < 0.05 or **p < 0.01. One-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s t-test.

Figure 2. Effects of different concentrations of RA ext on smooth muscle contraction of rat-isolated jejunum.

Figure 3. Effects of different concentrations of RA ext on Ach (A), 5-HT (B), KCl (C)-induced contraction of rat-isolated jejunum. The contractions induced by Ach, 5-HT and KCl in the absence of the extract acted as control. Results are mean ± SEM, n = 5. Significantly different from control ***p < 0.001.

Figure 4. Dose–effect curves of CaCl₂ on rabbit-isolated ileum in the absence (♦) and in the presence of RA ext (▴ 0.1 mg/mL; × 0.2 mg/mL; --- 0.3 mg/mL; • 0.4 mg/mL) and verapamil (▪ 0.025 mM). Results are mean ± SEM, n = 5.

Figure 5. Dose–effect curves of CaCl₂ on rabbit-isolated ileum in the absence (♦) and in the presence of RA ext, costunolide, and dehydrocostuslactone. (A) RA ext (▴ 0.2 mg/mL), costunolide (× 0.54 μg/mL), dehydrocostuslactone (--- 0.46 μg/mL), costunolide–dehydrocostuslactone (• 0.54–0.46 μg/mL), and verapamil (▪ 0.01 mM). (B) RA ext (▴ 0.3 mg/mL), costunolide (× 0.81 μg/mL), dehydrocostuslactone (--- 0.69 μg/mL), costunolide–dehydrocostuslactone (• 0.81–0.69 μg/mL), and verapamil (▪ 0.01 mM). (C) RA ext (▴ 0.4 mg/mL), costunolide (× 1.08 μg/mL), dehydrocostuslactone (--- 0.92 μg/mL), costunolide–dehydrocostuslactone (• 1.08–0.92 μg/mL), and verapamil (▪ 0.01 mM). Results are mean ± SEM, n = 5.

Figure 6. Dose–effect curves of CaCl₂ on rabbit-isolated ileum in the absence (♦) and in the presence of costunolide and dehydrocostuslactone.