Mutagenic biomonitoring of pirethroid insecticides in human lymphocyte cultures: Use of micronuclei as biomarkers and recovery by Rosa canina extracts of mutagenic effects

Figures & data

Table 1. MN and the NDI values of human peripheral lymphocytes as a result of application of cypermethrin and rosehip (R. canina) plant extracts.

		Number of MN in binucleated cells
Application groups (ppm)	Number of binucleated cells	(1)	(2)	(3)	Average MN frequency (%)	Nuclear Division Index (NDI)
DMSO (1%)	4000	27	1	–	0.725^a	1.62^e
EMS (1 mM)	4000	85	10	1	2.700^d	1.52^d
Cypermethrin
20	4000	29	1	–	0.775^a	1.53^d
30	4000	36	2	–	1.000^b	1.47^c
40	4000	44	1	1	1.225^c	1.38^b
50	4000	47	2	–	1.275^c	1.33^a
Plant extracts
Cypermethrin 50 + RCwtr	4000	38	1	–	1.000^b	1.37^b
Cypermethrin 50 + RCeta	4000	41	1	–	1.075^b	1.35^a

MN, micronucleus.

The difference between the groups according to the Duncan test was found significant at the p < 0.05 level.

Each column followed by the same superscript letters are not different according to the Duncan test.

Table 2. MN and the NDI values of human peripheral lymphocytes as a result of application of fenvalerate and rosehip (R. canina) plant extracts.

		Number of MN in binucleated cells
Application groups (ppm)	Number of binucleated cells	(1)	(2)	(3)	Average MN frequency (%)	Nuclear Division Index (NDI)
DMSO (1%)	4000	27	1	–	0.725^a	1.62^e
EMS (1 mM)	4000	85	10	1	2.700^f	1.52^d
Fenvalerate
25	4000	35	–	–	0.875^b	1.54^d
50	4000	40	2	–	1.100^c	1.43^c
75	4000	53	1	–	1.375^d	1.32^b
100	4000	57	2	1	1.600^e	1.27^a
Plant extracts
Fenvalerate 100 + RCwtr	4000	45	2	–	1.225^d	1.31^b
Fenvalerate 100 + RCeta	4000	49	1	–	1.275^d	1.32^b

MN, micronucleus.

The difference between the groups according to the Duncan test was found significant at the p < 0.05 level.

Each column followed by the same superscript letters are not different according to the Duncan test.