Potential of the plant Thespesia populnea in the treatment of ulcerative colitis

Figures & data

Table 1. Effects of different extracts of heartwood of T. populnea (100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) and prednisolon (5 mg/kg, i.p.) on microscopic score lesion of mice with DNBS induced ulcerative colitis.

Group	Dose (mg/kg)	Ulceration	Hyperemia	Necrosis	Edema	cellular infiltration	Goblet cell hyperplasia
Normal	−	−	−	−	−	−	−
Prednisolon	5	−	−	−	−	−	−
Control	−	+++	+++	++++	++	+++	+++
Aqueous extract	100	++	+	+	++	++	++
	200	+	−	+	−	+	+
Ethanol extract	100	++	++	+	+	++	++
	200	+	+	+	+	+	+
Ethyl acetate extract	100	++	++	+++	++	++	++
	200	+	+	++	++	+	++
Chloroform extract	100	++	++	+++	++	+++	+++
	200	+	++	+	+	++	++

0: no abnormality detected; +: damage/active changes up to less than 25%; ++: damage/active changes up to less than 50%; +++: damage/active changes up to less 75%; ++++: damage/active changes up to more than 75%.

Table 2. Effects of different extracts of heartwood of T. populnea (100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) and prednisolon (5 mg/kg, i.p.) on histological score lesion of mice with DNBS-induced ulcerative colitis.

		Infiltration of
Treatment	Dose (mg/kg)	Neutrophils (cells/hpf)	Lymphocytes (cells/hpf)	Macrophages (cells/hpf)	Goblet cell activation
Normal	–	5–10	20–25	5–10
Control (DNBS treated)	5 mg/mice	15–20	50–60	5–10	Mucoid material present in the mucosa
Aqueous extract	100	5–10	20–25	5–10
	200	5–8	20–25	5–10
Ethanol extract	100	5–10	25–30	5–10
	200	10–15	20–30	5–10
Ethyl acetate extract	100	10–15	35–40	15–20
	200	10–15	35–40	5–10
Chloroform extract	100	5–20	40–45	5–20
	200	10–15	40–50	5–20
Standard (prednisolon)	5	5–10	20–25	5–10

Figure 1. Histological colonic mucosal sections of mice receiving treatment of (A) chloroform extract (100 mg/kg), (B) chloroform extract (200 mg/ml), (C) ethyl acetate extract (100 mg/kg), (D) ethyl acetate extract (200 mg/ml), (E) ethanol extract (100 mg/kg), (F) ethanol extract (200 mg/ml), (G) aqueous extract (100 mg/kg), (H) aqueous extract (200 mg/ml) showing maximum beneficial effects in terms of attenuation of the morphological disturbance, reduction of the inflammatory cell infiltration, and mucosal edema associated with DNBS administration, (I) prednisolon 5 mg/kg showing attenuation of the extent and severity of cell damage, (J) DNBS infusion (5 mg/mice) showing inflammatory cell infiltration and mucosal edema, disorganized epithelial layer associated with DNBS administration.

Table 3. Effects of different extracts of heartwood of T. populnea (100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) and prednisolon (5 mg/kg, i.p.) on hemoglobin concentration (g/10 ml) of mice in DNBS-induced colitis.

Treatment	Dose (mg/kg)	Hemoglobin concentration (g/100 ml)
Control	5 mg/mice	13.80 ± 0.5
Normal	–	19.00 ± 0.3*
Standard	5	18.20 ± 0.3*
Aqueous extract	100	17.10 ± 0.2*
	200	17.20 ± 0.5*
Ethanol extract	100	16.80 ± 0.7*
	200	17.00 ± 0.6*
Ethyl acetate extract	100	16.30 ± 0.4
	200	16.50 ± 0.3
Chloroform extract	100	15.40 ± 0.5
	200	14.50 ± 0.2

Results are expressed as mean ± SEM.

*p < 0.05 significant compared with the control group.

Table 4. Effects of different extracts of heartwood of T. populnea (100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) and prednisolon (5 mg/kg, i.p.) on Ulcer Index of mice in DNBS-induced colitis.

Treatment	Dose (mg/kg)	Ulcer Index
Control	5 mg/mice	7.20
Normal	–	1.520*
Standard	5	1.750*
Aqueous extract	100	2.830*
	200	2.470*
Ethanol extract	100	3.470*
	200	3.080*
Ethyl acetate extract	100	4.500
	200	4.230
Chloroform extract	100	5.040
	200	4.940

*p < 0.05 significant compared with the control group.

Table 5. Effects of different extracts of heartwood of T. populnea (100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) and prednisolon (5 mg/kg, i.p.) on MPO and MDA level in tissue and blood of mice.

		MPO		MDA
Treatment	Dose mg/kg	Tissue (U/mg)	Blood (U/ml)	Tissue (nm/mg)	Blood (nm/ml)
Control	5 mg/mice	412 ± 0.5	404 ± 0.2	10.82 ± 0.8	10.25 ± 0.1
Normal	–	178 ± 0.1*	181 ± 0.1*	1.39 ± 0.3*	2.17 ± 0.2*
Standard	5	189 ± 0.2*	191 ± 0.1*	1.99 ± 0.2*	2.23 ± 0.3*
Aqueous extract	100	250 ± 0.3*	227 ± 0.3*	4.82 ± 0.3*	4.33 ± 0.2*
	200	205 ± 0.5*	219 ± 0.5*	2.69 ± 0.4*	3.59 ± 0.3*
Ethanol extract	100	266 ± 0.2*	256 ± 0.5*	5.28 ± 0.5	4.45 ± 0.2
	200	219 ± 0.1*	239 ± 0.6*	4.92 ± 0.5*	3.76 ± 0.1*
Ethyl acetate extract	100	291 ± 0.4*	306 ± 0.4	5.48 ± 0.6	5.12 ± 0.4
	200	271 ± 0.5*	287 ± 0.3*	5.41 ± 0.7	4.89 ± 0.5
Chloroform extract	100	300 ± 0.6	348 ± 0.5	7.74 ± 0.2	6.18 ± 0.5
	200	288 ± 0.4	318 ± 0.2	7.28 ± 0.4	5.90 ± 0.3

Results are expressed as mean ± SEM.

*p < 0.05 significant compared with the control group.

Figure 2. Analysis of serine protease by SDS–PAGE. Lane 1, control (DNBS); lane 2, standard (prednisolone); lane 3, aqueous extract (200 mg/kg); lane 4, ethanol extract (200 mg/kg); lane 5, ethyl acetate extract (200 mg/kg); lane 6, chloroform extract (200 mg/kg).