Baccharis dracunculifolia methanol extract enhances glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in pancreatic islets of monosodium glutamate induced-obesity model rats

Figures & data

Table 1. Effect of chronic administration of B. dracunculifolia extract in biochemical and biometric parameters in rats from the induced-obesity model.

	Control		MSG
Variables	Control	Extract	Control	Extract
Lee index	0.295 ± 0.003^a	0.296 ± 0.002^a	0.324 ± 0.005^b	0.315 ± 0.003^b
Mesenteric fat (g)	0.96 ± 0.07^a	1.05 ± 0.11^a	3.02 ± 0.27^b	3.11 ± 0.24^b
Periepididymal fat (g)	1.05 ± 0.12^a	1.38 ± 0.14^a	2.19 ± 0.12^b	2.35 ± 0.11^b
Retroperitoneal fat (g)	1.96 ± 0.20^a	2.14 ± 0.26^a	3.09 ± 0.11^b	3.33 ± 0.14^b
Inguinal fat (g)	0.24 ± 0.02	0.16 ± 0.02^a	0.46 ± 0.13	0.48 ± 0.05
HDL Cholesterol (mg/dL)	34.25 ± 2.25	30.25 ± 2.23	30.71 ± 1.34	36.33 ± 3.45
LDL Cholesterol (mg/dL)	41.18 ± 5.68	45.18 ± 4.72	34.03 ± 1.66	25.84 ± 7.62
VLDL Cholesterol (mg/dL)	22.45 ± 2.95	19.20 ± 1.04	27.43 ± 7.65	32.10 ± 2.31
Total Cholesterol (mg/dL)	97.88 ± 6.29	94.63 ± 4.47	88.71 ± 6.24	89.17 ± 5.40
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	98.86 ± 7.21^d	96.00 ± 5.22^d	123.3 ± 21.19	160.50 ± 11.57^a,b

The values are presented as mean ± EPM (n = 8). Letters above numbers indicate statistical differences at p < 0.05 in the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with the Bonferroni post-test.

Figure 1. Blood glucose levels (A) and area under the curve during the glucose oral tolerance test (B) in the studied groups. Values are presented as mean ± EPM (n = 8). Different letters indicate statistically significant difference between groups (p < 0.05; Bonferroni test after one-way ANOVA).

Figure 2. Plasma (A) insulin, and (B) HOMAir score [insulin (μU/mL) × glycemia (mmol/L)/22.5] in the studied groups. The values are presented as mean ± EPM (n = 8). Different letters indicate statistically significant difference between groups (p < 0.05; Bonferroni test after one-way ANOVA).

Figure 3. Glucose-induced insulin secretion (A) MSG treatment; (B) 30 days of oral administration of B. dracunculifolia extract solution; (C) MSG-obese rats treated with B. dracunculifolia extract solution. The values are presented as mean ± EPM. Symbols above bars represent statistical difference only for *p < 0.05 in the analysis of variance.

Figure 4. Effects of oral administration of B. dracunculifolia extract solution on the morphology of pancreatic islets from MSG-obese rats. Photomicrograph representative of pancreatic islets (left) stained with hematoxylin–eosin (H&E). Morphometric evaluations of the area with islets in all groups were analyzed and their respective values presented as mean ± SEM in the graphic (right). Symbols above bars represent statistical difference of p < 0.05 in the Student’s t-test. *CON versus MSG; •MSG versus MSG Extract.

Figure 5. Extraction of bioactive from B. dracunculifolia plant extract with: *ethanol, **methanol, ***acetone.

Figure 6. Standard curve plot of gallic acid.

Table 2. Total phenolics content in extract from Baccharis dracunculifolia.

Samples	Total polyphenols
Baccharis dracunculifolia Plant extract	Concentration (mg GAE/L)
Ethanolic extraction	46.2 ± 0.4
Methanolic extraction	70.5 ± 0.5
Acetone extraction	30.3 ± 0.21
Solution of extract  (applied in biological model)	128.6 ± 0.25