Figures & data
Figure 1. Effect of pre-treatment of OVA-sensitized guinea-pigs with 2 ml/kg normal saline (NS), 10 mg/kg prednisolone (PRED), and 100, 250, or 500 mg/kg PFE on (A) time taken for acetylcholine-induced pre-convulsive dyspnea (PDT), and (B) recovery time after pre-convulsive dyspnea (RT). Values plotted are means ± SEM (n = 4). Comparing drug-treated OVA-sensitized animals with non-sensitized, non-treated (NSNT): **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001. Comparing vehicle-treated OVA-sensitized animals with NSNT: ††p < 0.01; †††p < 0.001.
Figure 2. The effect of 2 ml/kg normal saline (NS), 2 mg/kg chlorpheniramine (CPM), and 100, 250, and 500 mg/kg PFE on (A) percentage protection and (B) recovery time, in histamine-induced bronchospasm in guinea pigs, 2 h post-drug treatment. Values plotted are means ± SEM (n = 4). ns p > 0.05, *p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001.
Figure 3. Log dose-response curves for acetylcholine (1.25 × 10−3 – 0.16 μg) and histamine (2.5 × 10−3 – 0.32 μg) on an isolated guinea pig ileum.
Figure 4. Percentage inhibition of the contractile effect of 2.0 × 10−2 μg acetylcholine, and 5.8 × 10−2 μg histamine on an isolated guinea pig ileum in the presence of 0.1 mg atropine, 0.1 mg mepyramine, and 1 mg PFE. Values plotted are means ± SEM (n = 3). ns p > 0.05, ***p ≤ 0.001 (one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett's post-hoc test).
Figure 5. The effects of “no treatment” (CON), 20 μg/ml sodium cromoglycate (DSCG), 10 μg/ml ketotifen (KET), and 125, 259, and 500 μg/ml PFE on compound 48/80 induced (A) peritoneal tissue mast cells degranulation and (B) mesenteric tissue mast cell degranulation. Bars plotted are mean ± SEM (n = 5). ***p < 0.001 (one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s post-hoc test).
Figure 6. Microscopy images from cytological smear (A) and histological slide (B) showing intact and degranulated mast cell. IMC, intact mast cell; DMC, degranulated mast cell.
