Mechanism of ginsenoside Rg1 renal protection in a mouse model of d-galactose-induced subacute damage

Figures & data

Table 1. Effect of Rg1 on the kidney function of d-galactose model mice (x ± s, n = 10).

groups	Urea/mmol·L^−1	Crea/μmol·L^−1	UA/μmol·L^−1	Cys-C/mg·L^−1
Control	13.82 ± 1.11	20.20 ± 3.31	68.80 ± 8.87	0.16 ± 0.02
d-Galactose model	17.19 ± 1.09**	29.40 ± 5.72**	86.80 ± 5.97**	0.23 ± 0.03*
Rg1+d-galactose model	15.77 ± 1.22#	22.60 ± 3.97#	72.80 ± 10.61#	0.18 ± 0.05#

* p < 0.05,

** p < 0.01 compared with the normal group,

# p < 0.05, compared with the d-galactose model.

Figure 1. Effect of Rg1 on the kidney structure of d-galactose model mice (HE stain,  ×100). ▴: glomerulus.

Figure 2. Effect of Rg1 on the structure of kidney glomerulus of d-galactose model mice (HE stain, ×400).

: glomerulus diameter; ♦: renal capsule; ▴: renal tubular.

Table 2. Effect of Rg1 on the structure of glomerulus of d-galactose model mice (x ± s, n = 10).

Groups	Normal glomerulus (count/views)	Hardening glomerulus (count/views)	Hardening rate%	Glomerulus diameter (μm)	Renal capsule width (μm)
Normal control	26.00 ± 1.58	0.60 ± 0.54	2.3	656.45 ± 23.52	27.61 ± 2.40
d-Galactose model	14.20 ± 3.63**	2.60 ± 1.14**	17.8**	775.77 ± 18.41**	39.56 ± 3.51**
Rg1+d-galactose model	22.40 ± 2.703##	1.12 ± 0.39##	4.91##	695.04 ± 14.61##	31.42 ± 2.70##

** p < 0.01 compared with the normal group,

## p < 0.01 compared with the d-galactose model.

Figure 3. Effect of Rg1 on the kidney cells senescence of d-galactose model mice (SA-β-Gal stain × 400).

Table 3. Effect of Rg1 on the SA-β-gal staining of d-galactose model mice (x ± s, n = 10).

Groups	ROD of SA-β-gal
Control	7.80 ± 3.99
d-Galactose model	56.32 ± 10.48**
Rg1+d-galactose model	26.78 ± 7.34##

** p < 0.01 compared with the normal group,

## p < 0.01 compared with the d-galactose model.

Figure 4. Effect of Rg1 on the ultrastructure of glomerulus of d-galactose model mice.

Table 4. Effect of Rg1 on the thickness of glomerulus basement membrane and slit of podocyte of d-galactose model mice (x ± s, n = 10).

Groups	Glomerulus basement membrane (nm)	Podocyte slit (nm)
Normal control	122.84 ± 19.18	34.84 ± 4.24
d-Galactose model	206.03 ± 16.22**	55.21 ± 8.55**
Rg1+d-galactose model	157.27 ± 15.70##	37.63 ± 6.65##

** p < 0.01 compared with the normal group,

## p < 0.01 compared with the d-galactose model.

Table 5. Effect of Rg1 on the level of SOD, MDA and GSH-PX in the kidney of d-galactose model mice (x ± s, n = 10).

Groups	SOD [U·(mg·prot) ^−1]	MDA [nmol·(mg·prot) ^−1]	GSH-PX [U·(mg·prot) ^−1]
Normal control	195.68 ± 20.25	2.68 ± 0.58	22.84 ± 3.96
d-Galactose  model	150.22 ± 19.07**	9.28 ± 1.59**	15.68 ± 2.11**
Rg1+d-galactose  model	190.56 ± 15.83##	3.17 ± 0.82##	20.32 ± 2.96#

** p < 0.01 compared with the normal group,

# p < 0.05,

## p < 0.01 compared with the d-galactose model.

Figure 5. Effect of Rg1 on 8-OH-dG and AGEs in the kidney of d-galactose model mice. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 compared with the normal group, #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01 compared with d-galactose.