Anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activities of the wild edible cruciferous: Diplotaxis simplex

Figures & data

Figure 1. Gel electrophoresis pattern of the DNA plasmid incubated with Fenton’s reagent both in the presence and in the absence of flowers extracts from D. Simplex. Lane 1: untreated control: native DNA plasmid (0.5 μg); lanes 2 and 3: DNA with ethyl acetate extract at 500 and 250 μg/mL, respectively; lanes 4 and 5: DNA with ethanol extract at 500 and 250 μg/mL, respectively; lane 6: DNA sample incubated with Fenton’s reagent.

Table 1. Polyphenolic and flavonoid contents, and antioxidant activities of extracts from D. simplex flowers.

	Ethyl acetate	Ethanol
Extraction yield (g/100 g DM)	38.30 ± 1.1	7.40 ± 1.1
Polyphenolics (mg GAE/g extract)^a	17.10 ± 0.3	52.70 ± 2.1
Flavonoids (mg QE/g extract)^b	100.60 ± 3.4	74.20 ± 3.4
Reducing power (EC50, mg/mL)	0.14 ± 0.01	0.10 ± 0.01
DPPH^• scavenging activity (IC50, mg/mL)	0.40 ± 0.02	0.20 ± 0.02
β-Carotene bleaching assay (IC50, μg/mL)	27.10 ± 3.4	12.50 ± 2.5
Fe^2+ chelating capacity (IC50, mg/mL)	0.20 ± 0.02	0.60 ± 0.02

Data presented as the mean ± standard deviation (n = 3).

^bPolyphenolics content as gallic acid equivalent.

^bFlavonoids content as quercetin equivalent.

Figure 2. Effect of ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts from D. simplex flowers on phospholipase activity. Data are presented as mean ± SD of triplicate determinations. Different letters above the bars indicate significant differences when compared with the control: b (p < 0.01) and c (p < 0.001).

Figure 3. (A) Effect of ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts from D. simplex flowers, and indomethacin as positive control administered intraperitoneally on carrageenan-induced paw oedema in mice. Each point represents the mean of five animals and different letters above the bars indicate significant differences when compared with the negative control group: c (p < 0.001). (B) Photographs of paw oedema in mice at 4 h after injection of different treatments.

Figure 4. Antiproliferative activity of ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts from D. simplex flowers on Caco-2 cancer cells. Data are presented as mean ± SD of triplicate determinations. Different letters above the bars indicate significant differences when compared with the control: b (p < 0.01) and c (p < 0.001).