Antihyperlipidemic activity of adenosine triphosphate in rabbits fed a high-fat diet and hyperlipidemic patients

Figures & data

Table 1. Serum concentrations of lipids parameters in rabbits measured on the 20th day and 30th day (n = 8).

	On the 20th day			On the 30th day
Parameters	Normal diet	High-fat diet	High-fat diet + ATP	Normal diet	High-fat diet	High-fat diet + ATP
TC (mmol/L)	1.3 ± 0.4	17.2 ± 5.2##	17.0 ± 5.1##	1.2 ± 0.4	17.6 ± 6.4##	18.3 ± 7.3##
TG (mmol/L)	0.5 ± 0.2	2.1 ± 0.6##	2.2 ± 0.4##	0.7 ± 0.4	2.2 ± 0.5##	1.1 ± 0.4**
HDL-C (mmol/L)	0.6 ± 0.3	0.8 ± 0.2	0.7 ± 0.3	0.5 ± 0.3	0.8 ± 0.4	0.6 ± 0.4
LDL-C (mmol/L)	0.40 ± 0.18	12.94 ± 4.62##	12.60 ± 4.32##	0.44 ± 0.18	12.42 ± 5.21##	11.21 ± 3.27##
VLDL-C (mmol/L)	0.23 ± 0.09	0.71 ± 0.21##	0.68 ± 0.22##	0.32 ± 0.19	0.72 ± 0.2##	0.56 ± 0.32
Apo-A (g/L)	0.08 ± 0.01	0.18 ± 0.08##	0.16 ± 0.07##	0.07 ± 0.02	0.17 ± 0.07##	0.16 ± 0.06##
Apo-B (g/L)	0.05 ± 0.01	0.30 ± 0.17##	0.28 ± 0.15##	0.06 ± 0.02	0.32 ± 0.13##	0.29 ± 0.12##
LPa (mg/L)	39 ± 19	642 ± 214##	625 ± 186##	42 ± 24	694 ± 247##	582 ± 222##

## p < 0.01 versus normal diet group.

**p < 0.01 versus high-fat diet group.

Figure 1. Macroscopic and histological photographs of rabbit hearts. Compared to a normal diet rabbit (A and D), high-fat diet animal (B and E) exhibited excessive fat deposition in epicardium; ATP supplementation rabbit (C and F) reduced the fat deposition. The measurement for the thickness of fat layer in epicardium displayed a significant decrease in ATP supplementation rabbit compared to high-fat diet animals (G). ^#p < 0.05 versus normal diet; *p < 0.05 versus high-fat diet. N = 8.

Figure 2. Histological findings in rabbit liver. (A) Representative histological photograph from a normal diet-fed rabbit. (B) Severe ballooning degeneration in hepatocyte in high-fat diet fed rabbit. (C) Mild ballooning degeneration in hepatocyte in a ATP supplementation rabbit. (D) ATP supplementation resulted in a significant reduction in grading of ballooning degeneration in hepatocytes. ^#p < 0.05 versus normal diet; *p < 0.05 versus high-fat diet. N = 8.

Figure 3. Histological photograph of rabbit aorta. (A) Photograph of thoracic aorta from a normal diet-fed rabbit. (B) Many foam cells observed from a high-fat diet rabbits. (C) Fewer foam cells observed from a ATP supplementation rabbit.

Table 2. Effect of ATP supplementation on serum concentrations of lipids and lipoproteins in patients with hypertriglyceridemia.

	Control group (n=30)		ATP group (n=20)
Parameters	Before	After	Before	After
TC (mmol/L)	8.32 ± 1.82	8.26 ± 1.63	8.25 ± 2.21	8.12 ± 1.41
TG (mmol/L)	5.22 ± 1.55	5.32 ± 1.42	5.42 ± 1.75	2.84 ± 0.97##
HDL-C (mmol/L)	1.72 ± 0.52	1.69 ± 0.53	1.68 ± 0.42	1.52 ± 0.46
LDL-C (mmol/L)	4.34 ± 1.23	3.72 ± 1.40	4.24 ± 1.63	3.96 ± 1.12
VLDL-C (mmol/L)	3.23 ± 1.42	3.34 ± 1.62	3.24 ± 1.50	3.17 ± 1.82
Apo-A (g/L)	2.33 ± 1.02	2.27 ± 0.93	2.40 ± 1.23	2.52 ± 1.71
Apo-B (g/L)	1.62 ± 0.32	1.54 ± 0.82	1.64 ± 0.44	1.27 ± 0.42
LPa (mg/L)	550 ± 186	489 ± 232	529 ± 311	509 ± 262

## p < 0.01 versus before.