Evaluation of in vitro antioxidant, anticancer and in vivo antitumour activity of Termitomyces clypeatus MTCC 5091

Figures & data

Table 1. The percentage yield as well as the protein and carbohydrate concentration of different extract.

Extract	% Yield	Colour of the extract	Protein concentration (%)	Carbohydrate concentration (%)
Ethanol	5.09	Yellow	15.03 ± 0.73	9.3 ± 1.02
Aqueous	27.62	Pale yellowish	21.76 ± 1.02	27.9 ± 0.56

Figure 1. HPLC chromatogram of free monosaccarides present in the aqueous extract of T. clypeatus.

Figure 2. (A) DPPH radical-scavenging, (B) nitric oxide radical scavenging, (C) superoxide anion radical scavenging, (D) hydroxyl radical scavenging activities, (E) changes in the levels of chelating ability, (F) total antioxidant activity and (G) reducing ability of ethanol and aqueous extract of Termitomyces clypeatus.

Figure 3. Aqueous extract of Termitomyces clypeatus exhibit differential cytotoxicities towards various cancer cell lines. (A) MDA-MB-468, (B) HL-60, (C) Hep G2, (D) A549, (E) U-937, (F) Y-79, (G) U-373MG and (H) OAW-42.

Table 2. List of components present in the aqueous fraction of T. clypeatus with their retention time in HPLC analyses.

No.	Name of constituents	RT (min)
1	Ascorbic acid	1.852
2	Fructose	2.031
3	Sucrose	4.916
4	Arabitol	14.456
5	Inositol	16.808
6	Ribitol	26.938
7	Sorbitol	30.447
8	Raffinose	35.192
9	Xylitol	42.663

Table 3. Growth inhibitory activity of aqueous extract of T. clypeatus on different cancer cell lines.

Cell lines	IC50 (μg/ml)
MDA‐MB‐468	35 ± 1.45
HL‐60	30 ± 2.96
Hep G2	45 ± 0.21
A549	35 ± 2.11
U‐937	25 ± 1.02
Y‐79	40 ± 2.45
U‐373MG	45 ± 1.58
OAW‐42	50 ± 2.04

Table 4. The antitumour activity of AETC against EAC tumour-bearing mice.

Parameters	EAC control (2 × 10^6 cells/mL/mouse)	EAC + AETC (200 mg/kg)	EAC + AETC (400 mg/kg)	EAC +5-FU (20 mg/kg)
Body weight	25.20 ± 0.43	24.25 ± 0.36**	21.99 ± 0.53**	21.47 ± 0.47**
Mean survival time (days)	18.29 ± 1.51	35.95 ± 0.56**	38.51 ± 1.01**	36.18 ± 0.16**
%ILS	–	125.54	158.37	161.42
Tumour volume (mL)	4.47 ± 0.22	2.01 ± 0.35**	0.72 ± 0.11**	0.72 ± 0.12**
Packed cell volume (mL)	2.34 ± 0.31	0.93 ± 0.21**	0.20 ± 0.16**	0.20 ± 0.20**
Viable tumour cell count (×10^7 cells/mL)	11.33 ± 0.27	3.05 ± 0.33**	1.04 ± 0.40**	0.79 ± 0.51**
Nonviable tumour cell count (×10^7 cells/mL)	0.91 ± 0.65	1.78 ± 0.22*	1.17 ± 0.29**	1.33 ± 0.26**

Data are expressed as the mean of results in six mice ± SD. Experimental groups compared with the EAC control group.

*p < 0.01, **p < 0.05. EAC: Ehrlich ascites carcinoma; AETC: aqueous extract of T. clypeatus.

Table 5. Haematological parameters of AETC-treated EAC-bearing mice.

Parameters	Normal (0.9% NaCl, 5 mL/kg)	EAC control (2 × 10^6 cells/mL/mouse)	EAC + AETC (200 mg/kg)	EAC + AETC (400 mg/kg)	EAC +5-FU (20 mg/kg)
Haemoglobin (g %)	13.35 ± 0.23	10.05 ± 0.25	11.16 ± 0.38**	13.73 ± 0.31**	13.36 ± 0.18**
RBC (cells/mL ×10^6)	5.47 ± 0.37	3.25 ± 0.41	3.88 ± 0.12**	5.15 ± 0.33**	5.20 ± 0.51**
WBC (cells/mL ×10^6)	8.73 ± 0.28	18.72 ± 0.42	12.05 ± 0.41**	8.04 ± 0.51**	8.20 ± 0.11**
Monocytes (%)	1.77 ± 0.15	1.01 ± 0.02	1.23 ± 0.05**	1.76 ± 0.06**	1.80 ± 0.06**
Lymphocytes (%)	76.15 ± 0.82	29.64 ± 0.39	50.14 ± 0.20**	69.27 ± 0.16**	73.18 ± 0.65**
Neutrophils (%)	20.99 ± 0.71	60.63 ± 0.71	44.60 ± 1.01**	29.18 ± 0.05**	28.08 ± 0.43**

Data are expressed as the mean of results in 6 mice ± SD. Experimental groups compared with the EAC control group.

**p < 0.05. EAC: Ehrlich ascites carcinoma; AETC: aqueous extract of T. clypeatus.

Table 6. Effect of AETC on lipid peroxidation and different antioxidant enzyme activity.

Parameters	Normal	EAC control (2 × 10^6 cells/mL/mouse)	EAC + AETC (200 mg/kg)	EAC + AETC (400 mg/kg)
Lipid peroxidation (nmol/L/gm tissue)	0.79 ± 0.20	1.28 ± 0.07	1.03 ± 0.03*	0.91 ± 0.06*
Superoxide Dismutase (U/mg tissue)	3.37 ± 0.02	2.78 ± 0.10	3.12 ± 0.11*	3.45 ± 0.24*
Glutathione (μmol/L/mg tissue)	2.21 ± 0.05	1.31 ± 0.04	1.77 ± 0.09*	2.18 ± 0.05*
Catalase (U/mg tissue)	26.73 ± 0.20	8.76 ± 0.52	15.80 ± 0.93*	24.07 ± 0.31*

Data are expressed as the mean of results in 6 mice ± SD. Experimental groups compared with the EAC control group.

*p Value <0.05, EAC, Ehrlich ascites carcinoma; AETC, aqueous extract of T. clypeatus.