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Research Article

Anti-rheumatic activity of Ananas comosus fruit peel extract in a complete Freund’s adjuvant rat model

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Pages 2616-2622 | Received 14 Aug 2015, Accepted 29 Mar 2016, Published online: 14 May 2016

Figures & data

Figure 1. Chromatogram showing bands of (A) flavonoids derivatized with NP reagent and (B) tannins derivatized with vanillin sulphuric acid reagent.

Figure 1. Chromatogram showing bands of (A) flavonoids derivatized with NP reagent and (B) tannins derivatized with vanillin sulphuric acid reagent.

Figure 2. Effect of MEFP on paw volume in CFA-induced arthritic rats. The values are expressed as mean ± SD. p < 0.05 was considered significant with respect to arthritic control group (*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001).

Figure 2. Effect of MEFP on paw volume in CFA-induced arthritic rats. The values are expressed as mean ± SD. p < 0.05 was considered significant with respect to arthritic control group (*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001).

Figure 3. Effect of MEFP on SOD levels in liver, kidney and spleen. The values are expressed as mean ± SD. p < 0.05 was considered significant with respect to arthritic control group (*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001).

Figure 3. Effect of MEFP on SOD levels in liver, kidney and spleen. The values are expressed as mean ± SD. p < 0.05 was considered significant with respect to arthritic control group (*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001).

Figure 4. Effect of MEFP on CAT levels in liver, kidney and spleen. The values are expressed as mean ± SD. p < 0.05 was considered significant with respect to arthritic control group (*p < 0.05; ***p < 0.001).

Figure 4. Effect of MEFP on CAT levels in liver, kidney and spleen. The values are expressed as mean ± SD. p < 0.05 was considered significant with respect to arthritic control group (*p < 0.05; ***p < 0.001).

Figure 5. Effect of MEFP on GPx levels in liver, kidney and spleen. The values are expressed as mean ± SD. p < 0.05 was considered significant with respect to arthritic control group (*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001).

Figure 5. Effect of MEFP on GPx levels in liver, kidney and spleen. The values are expressed as mean ± SD. p < 0.05 was considered significant with respect to arthritic control group (*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001).

Figure 6. Effect of MEFP on CRP levels. The values are expressed as mean ± SD. p < 0.05 was considered significant with respect to arthritic control group. (**p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001).

Figure 6. Effect of MEFP on CRP levels. The values are expressed as mean ± SD. p < 0.05 was considered significant with respect to arthritic control group. (**p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001).

Figure 7. Effect of MEFP on PGE2 levels. The values are expressed as mean ± SD. p < 0.05 was considered significant with respect to arthritic control group (**p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001).

Figure 7. Effect of MEFP on PGE2 levels. The values are expressed as mean ± SD. p < 0.05 was considered significant with respect to arthritic control group (**p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001).

Figure 8. Parameters analysed in histopathology of paw region.

Figure 8. Parameters analysed in histopathology of paw region.

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