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Research Articles

Sildenafil after cardiac arrest and infarction; an experimental rat model

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Pages 58-64 | Received 30 Mar 2012, Accepted 17 Sep 2012, Published online: 10 Oct 2012

Figures & data

Figure 1. Representative histology of a remote intramyocardial artery of a normal heart (A), a graft with ischemia-reperfusion injury only (IRI; B), a graft with ischemia-reperfusion injury and myocardial infarction (IRI + MI; C), and a graft with ischemia-reperfusion injury and myocardial infarction treated with Sildenafil (IRI + MI + S; D) 2 days after reperfusion simulating resuscitation. X40. Note edema of intramyocardial artery shown as vacuolization of vessel wall in C (small arrows).

Figure 1. Representative histology of a remote intramyocardial artery of a normal heart (A), a graft with ischemia-reperfusion injury only (IRI; B), a graft with ischemia-reperfusion injury and myocardial infarction (IRI + MI; C), and a graft with ischemia-reperfusion injury and myocardial infarction treated with Sildenafil (IRI + MI + S; D) 2 days after reperfusion simulating resuscitation. X40. Note edema of intramyocardial artery shown as vacuolization of vessel wall in C (small arrows).

Figure 2. Relative number of recovered remote intramyocardial artery wall nuclei in grafts with ischemia-reperfusion injury only (IRI, circles), grafts with ischemia-reperfusion injury and myocardial infarction (IRI + MI, boxes), and grafts with ischemia-reperfusion injury and myocardial infarction treated with Sildenafil (IRI + MI + S, triangles). As compared with IRI and IRI + MI, IRI + MI + S have increased relative number of recovered remote intramyocardial artery nuclei 2 days after reperfusion. *p < 0.05, Kruskal-Wallis. Horizontal bars indicate median.

Figure 2. Relative number of recovered remote intramyocardial artery wall nuclei in grafts with ischemia-reperfusion injury only (IRI, circles), grafts with ischemia-reperfusion injury and myocardial infarction (IRI + MI, boxes), and grafts with ischemia-reperfusion injury and myocardial infarction treated with Sildenafil (IRI + MI + S, triangles). As compared with IRI and IRI + MI, IRI + MI + S have increased relative number of recovered remote intramyocardial artery nuclei 2 days after reperfusion. *p < 0.05, Kruskal-Wallis. Horizontal bars indicate median.

Figure 3. Representative immunohistochemistry for eNOS of a remote intramyocardial artery of a normal heart (A), a graft with ischemia-reperfusion injury only (IRI; B), a graft with ischemia-reperfusion injury and myocardial infarction (IRI + MI; C), and a graft with ischemia-reperfusion injury and myocardial infarction treated with Sildenafil (IRI + MI + S; D) 2 days after reperfusion simulating resuscitation. X40. Note intensive positive endothelial staining (arrows) in a remote intramyocardial artery of a graft with ischemia-reperfusion injury only (IRI; B) as compared with grafts with infarction without (IRI + MI; C) or with Sildenafil (IRI + MI + S; D).

Figure 3. Representative immunohistochemistry for eNOS of a remote intramyocardial artery of a normal heart (A), a graft with ischemia-reperfusion injury only (IRI; B), a graft with ischemia-reperfusion injury and myocardial infarction (IRI + MI; C), and a graft with ischemia-reperfusion injury and myocardial infarction treated with Sildenafil (IRI + MI + S; D) 2 days after reperfusion simulating resuscitation. X40. Note intensive positive endothelial staining (arrows) in a remote intramyocardial artery of a graft with ischemia-reperfusion injury only (IRI; B) as compared with grafts with infarction without (IRI + MI; C) or with Sildenafil (IRI + MI + S; D).

Figure 4. Representative immunohistochemistry for iNOS of a remote intramyocardial artery of a normal heart (A), a graft with ischemia-reperfusion injury only (IRI; B), a graft with ischemia-reperfusion injury and myocardial infarction (IRI + MI; C), and a graft with ischemia-reperfusion injury and myocardial infarction treated with Sildenafil (IRI + MI + S; D) 2 days after reperfusion simulating resuscitation. X40. Note tendency for decreased positive staining (arrows) in a remote intramyocardial artery of a graft with ischemia-reperfusion injury and myocardial infarction treated with Sildenafil (IRI + MI + S) as compared with grafts without (IRI; B) or with infarction (IRI + MI; C).

Figure 4. Representative immunohistochemistry for iNOS of a remote intramyocardial artery of a normal heart (A), a graft with ischemia-reperfusion injury only (IRI; B), a graft with ischemia-reperfusion injury and myocardial infarction (IRI + MI; C), and a graft with ischemia-reperfusion injury and myocardial infarction treated with Sildenafil (IRI + MI + S; D) 2 days after reperfusion simulating resuscitation. X40. Note tendency for decreased positive staining (arrows) in a remote intramyocardial artery of a graft with ischemia-reperfusion injury and myocardial infarction treated with Sildenafil (IRI + MI + S) as compared with grafts without (IRI; B) or with infarction (IRI + MI; C).

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