Effect of selenium and Q10 on the cardiac biomarker NT-proBNP

Figures & data

Figure 1. Flow chart of the study.

Table I. Background characteristics of the studied population who had plasma values of NT-proBNP collected at both baseline and at the end of the study (i.e., 48 months) and in relation to active substance or placebo.

Variables	Total n = 211	Active n = 117	Placebo n = 94	p
Age, mean (SD)	77 (3)	77.5 (9)	75.5 (9.6)	0.16
Male, n (%) Systolic blood pressure, mean (SD) Diastolic blood pressure, mean (SD) Diabetes, n (%) Hypertension, n (%) Ischemic heart disease, n (%) Respiratory disease, n (%) Previous or present tumor, n (%) Ejection fraction < 40%, n (%) ACE-I/ARB, n (%) Beta-blockers, n (%) Diuretics, n (%) Statins, n (%)	101 (47) 148 (19) 76 (9) 42 (20) 148 (70) 40 (19) 32 (15) 30 (14) 10 (5) 40 (19) 76 (36) 69 (33) 43 (20)	57 (49) 148 (20) 76 (9) 25 (21) 82 (70) 25 (21) 11 (9) 17 (14) 6 (5) 19 (16) 45 (38) 38 (32) 24 (20)	44 (47) 148 (17) 75 (10) 17 (18) 66 (70) 15 (16) 21 (22) 13 (14) 4 (4) 21 (22) 31 (33) 31 (33) 19 (20)	0.78 0.81 0.46 0.55 0.98 0.31 0.009 0.88 0.76 0.26 0.41 0.93 0.96
Baseline NT-proBNP, md (25–75 quartile)	194 (113–320)	180 (108.5–284)	219 (126–377)	0.11
48 months NT-proBNP, md (25–75 quartile)	252 (132–518)	215 (116–437)	305.5 (168–644)	0.015

NT-proBNP, N-terminal fragment of pro brain natriuretic peptide; ACE-I/ARB, Angiotensin Converint Inhibitor/Angiotensin Receptor Blocker.

Table II. Description of participants (n = 211) with plasma values of NT-proBNP collected at both baseline and 48 months according to baseline quintiles of NT-proBNP.

Variables	Quintile 1 15–104 ng/L n = 43	Quintile 2 104.01–149.80 ng/L n = 41	Quintile 3 149.81–227 ng/L n = 44	Quintile 4 227.01–395.40 ng/L n = 41	Quintile 5 395.41–3083 ng/L n = 41	P
Age, mean (SD) Male gender, % (n)	76 (8) 63 (27)	75 (10) 34 (14)	76 (8) 43 (19)	76 (10) 56 (23)	74 (10) 43 (18)	0.87^a 0.065^b
SBR, mean (SD) DBR, mean (SD)	145 (16) 76 (8)	143 (18) 75 (10)	151 (19) 76 (8)	147 (21) 76 (10)	152 (19) 74 (10)	0.10^a 0.87^a
Diabetes, % (n) Hypertension, % (n) IHD, % (n) Respiratory disease, % (n) Tumor, % (n)	23 (10) 65 (28) 5 (2) 12 (5) 12 (5)	15 (6) 68 (28) 17 (7) 7 (3) 10 (4)	11 (5) 77 (34) 23 (10) 23 (10) 18 (8)	2 (1) 58 (24) 12 (5) 10 (4) 20 (8)	17 (7) 81 (34) 38 (16) 24 (10) 12 (5)	0.08^b 0.16^b 0.002^b 0.10^b 0.63^b
ACE-I/ARB, % (n) Beta-blockers, % (n) Diuretics, % (n) Statins, % (n)	19 (8) 23 (10) 16 (7) 19 (18)	17 (7) 29 (12) 29 (12) 17 (17)	16 (7) 43 (19) 39 (17) 23 (10)	17 (7) 24 (10) 29 (12) 16 (17)	26 (11) 59 (25) 50 (21) 26 (11)	0.75^b 0.002^b 0.016^b 0.80^b

DBR, Diastolic blood pressure; EF < 40%, Ejection fraction; IHD, Ischemic heart disease; SBR, Systolic blood pressure.

^aANOVA.

^bChi-square test.

Table III. Ejection fraction distributed into the different quintiles of NT-proBNP in the total study population (n = 443).

Quintile	EF < 30%	EF = 30–40%	EF = 41–50%	EF > 50%	Unclassified
Q1, n (%)	0	0	7/97 (7.2)	89/97 (91.8)	1 (1.0)
Q2, n (%)	0	3/95 (3.2)	7/95 (7.4)	84/95 (88.4)	1 (1.0)
Q3, n (%)	1/87 (1.1)	1/87 (1.1)	8/87 (9.2)	77/87 (88.5)	0
Q4, n (%)	0	6/82 (7.3)	11/82 (13.4)	64/82 (78.0)	1 (1.2)
Q5, n (%)	5/79 (6.3)	16/79 (20.3)	19/79 (24.1)	36/79 (45.6)	3 (3.8)
No echo, n = 3

Note: EF < 40%, Q1: 0; Q2: 4.2%; Q3: 2.3%; Q4: 7.3%; Q5: 26.6%.

EF, Ejection fraction.

Figure 2. (A) Analysis of the interaction between group (active substance or placebo) and follow-up (baseline or 48 months)and with NT-proBNP as outcome measure (logarithmic transformed) according to the quintile 1 of baseline NT-proBNP (NT-proBNP 15 ng/L-104 ng/L). Two-way ANOVA, F (1, 41) = 0.210, p = 0.65. (B) Analysis of the interaction between group (active substance or placebo) and follow-up (baseline or 48 months)and with NT-proBNP as outcome measure (logarithmic transformed) according to the quintile 2 of baseline NT-proBNP (NT-proBNP 104.01–149.80 ng/L). Two-way ANOVA, F (1, 39) = 2.23, p = 0.14. (C) Analysis of the interaction between group (active substance or placebo) and follow-up (baseline or 48 months)and with NT-proBNP as outcome measure (logarithmic transformed) according to the quintile 3 of baseline NT-proBNP (NT-proBNP 149.81–227 ng/L). Two-way ANOVA, F (1, 42) = 4.25, p = 0.045. (D) Analysis of the interaction between group (active substance or placebo) and follow-up (baseline or 48 months)and with NT-proBNP as outcome measure (logarithmic transformed) according to the quintile 4 of baseline NT-proBNP (NT-proBNP 227.01–395.40 ng/L). Two-way ANOVA, F (1, 39) = 1.60, p = 0.21. (E) Analysis of the interaction between group (active substance or placebo) and follow-up (baseline or 48 months)and with NT-proBNP as outcome measure (logarithmic transformed) according to the quintile 5 of baseline NT-proBNP (NT-proBNP 395.41–3083 ng/L). Two-way ANOVA, F (1, 40) = 0.00, p = 0.99. (F) Analysis of the interaction between group (active substance or placebo) and follow-up (baseline or 48 months) and with NT-proBNP as outcome measure (logarithmic transformed) according to the baseline quintiles 2–4 of NT-proBNP (NT-proBNP 104.01–395.40 ng/L). Two-way ANOVA, F (1, 124) = 7.95, p = 0.006.