Groin hematoma after electrophysiological procedures—incidence and predisposing factors

Figures & data

Table I. Demographics of patients with and without hematomas immediately after the EP procedure and after 14 days.

	No hematoma after EP procedure	With hematoma after EP procedure	No hematoma after 14 days	With hematoma after 14 days
Female, n (%)	63 (91)	6 (9)	52 (75)	17 (25)
Male, n (%)	170 (92)	14 (8)	133 (72)	51 (28)
Age, median y (range)	62 (26/76)	60 (39/79)	62 (28/76)	60 (24/75)
BMI, median (range)	27.2 (20.9/36.7)	27.6 (23.6/42.6)	27.2 (21.3/36.7)	27.3 (20.9/37.1)
Difficult venous access, n (%)	26 (61)	17 (39)	26 (61)	17 (39)
Closure device (arterial), n (%)	247 (100)	0 (0)	246 (99.6)	1 (0.4)
ACT > 300, n (%)	73 (86)	12 (14)	54 (64)	31 (36)
Procedure, n (%)	185 (73)	68 (27)	185 (73)	68 (27)
SVT/Diagnostic	80 (95)	4 (5)	63 (77)	19 (23)
Atrial Flutter/A-Fib	136 (90)	15 (19)	104 (69)	47 (31)
VT/VES	17 (95)	1 (5)	16 (89)	2 (11)
Oral anticoagulation*	138 (89)	17 (11)	107 (69)	48 (31)
Platelet inhibitors**	70 (88)	10 (12)	55 (69)	25 (31)
GFR, mL/min, median (range)	76 (6/109)	81 (45/105)	76 (6/109)	74 (19/105)

*Vitamin K antagonists.

**Dipyridamole, Aspirin, GPIIb/IIIa antagonists.

Table II. Regression analysis of possible predictors of hematomas after 14 days without periprocedural hematoma.

	Predictors of late hematoma (14 days) without periprocedural hematoma
Variable	Odds ratio	CI 95%	P value
Sex
Male	Ref	−	−
Female	0.87	(0.44;1.83)	0.78
Age
< 50 years	Ref	−	−
≥ 50 years	0.91	(0.46;2.33)	0.94
BMI
< 25	Ref	−	−
≥ 25	0.74	(0.39;1.39)	0.35
Activated Clotting Time (ACT)
< 300	Ref	−	−
≥ 300	1.75	(0.91;3.33)	0.09
APD
No	Ref	−	−
Yes	1.34	(0.71;2.51)	0.84
Difficult venous access
No	Ref	−	−
Yes	1.93	(0.89;4.18)	0.10
Periprocedural hematoma
No	−	−	−
Yes	−	−	−

Table III. Regression analysis of possible predictors of hematomas immediately after the EP procedure and after 14 days.

	Predictors of periprocedural and late hematoma (14 days)
Variable	Odds ratio	CI 95%	P value
Sex
Male	Ref	−	−
Female	0.74	(0.35;1.54)	0.42
Age
< 50 years	Ref	−	−
≥ 50 years	0.83	(0.35;1.94)	0.68
BMI
< 25	Ref	−	−
≥ 25	0.75	(0.39;1.44)	0.40
ACT
< 300	Ref	−	−
≥ 300	1.86	(0.83;4.14)	0.13
APD
No	Ref	−	−
Yes	0.92	(0.41;2.04)	0.84
Difficult venous access
No	Ref	−	−
Yes	1.84	(0.85;3.95)	0.12
Periprocedural hematoma
No	Ref	−	−
Yes	18.72	(5.02;69.86)	< 0.001