Age-associated differences in response to sevoflurane postconditioning in rats

Figures & data

Figure 1. Experimental protocol A for the measurements of infarct size and apoptosis. Protocol B for the detection of protein phosphorylation. I/R: ischemia/reperfusion; SC: sham control; Y: young; MAC: minimum alveolar concentration; 1 MAC: 1 MAC sevoflurane postconditioning; 2 MAC: 2 MAC sevoflurane postconditioning; O: old.

Table 1. AAR/LV for all groups.

Groups	Number	AAR/LV (%)
YC	6	42 ± 2
Y 1 MAC	6	46 ± 4
Y 2 MAC	6	44 ± 3
OC	6	41 ± 2
O 1 MAC	6	45 ± 3
O 2 MAC	6	40 ± 1

Data are presented as mean ± SD. AAR: area at risk; LV: left ventricular area.

Table 2. Hemodynamics.

					Reperfusion
Protocol A	Group	Number	Baseline	30 Min CAO	5 min	60 min	120 min
HR(/min)	YSC	4		350 ± 16	–	–	–	–
	YC	12	353 ± 20	342 ± 15	337 ± 13	346 ± 17	352 ± 18
	Y 1 MAC	12	357 ± 15	349 ± 20	339 ± 19	349 ± 17	346 ± 14
	Y 2 MAC	12	355 ± 16	335 ± 20	345 ± 16	350 ± 23	337 ± 15
	OSC	4	319 ± 20	–	–	–	–
	OC	12	323 ± 18	315 ± 13	320 ± 16	329 ± 20	319 ± 15
	O 1MAC	12	327 ± 23	317 ± 14	332 ± 20	327 ± 23	316 ± 17
		O 2 MAC	12	326 ± 12	315 ± 14	321 ± 16	323 ± 21	313 ± 13
MAP(mm Hg)	YSC	4	114 ± 12	–	–	–	–
	YC	12	124 ± 11	110 ± 10	115 ± 11	92 ± 11^a	81 ± 10^a
	Y 1MAC	12	120 ± 14	111 ± 12	116 ± 15	98 ± 14^a	94 ± 11^a
	Y 2 MAC	12	112 ± 13	108 ± 11	106 ± 11	96 ± 12^a	93 ± 13^a
	OSC	4	111 ± 10	–	–	–	–
	OC	12	113 ± 11	108 ± 12	110 ± 11	93 ± 11^a	80 ± 11^a
	O 1 MAC	12	109 ± 13	115 ± 14	107 ± 11	90 ± 10^a	85 ± 10^a
		O 2 MAC	12	111 ± 13	117 ± 18	106 ± 10	92 ± 11^a	87 ± 12^a
Protocol B HR(/min)	Group	Number	Baseline	30 min CAO	5 min	15 min
	YSC	4	347 ± 23	–	–	–
	YC	4	339 ± 16	341 ± 15	330 ± 13	328 ± 14
	Y 1 MAC	4	337 ± 17	334 ± 18	325 ± 12	340 ± 21
	Y 2 MAC	4	331 ± 30	325 ± 13	333 ± 18	327 ± 16
	OSC	4	313 ± 15	–	–	–
	OC	4	317 ± 18	307 ± 12	313 ± 14	320 ± 18
	O 1 MAC	4	318 ± 17	308 ± 14	310 ± 15	315 ± 13
	O 2 MAC	4	316 ± 16	325 ± 19	313 ± 13	314 ± 15
MAP(mm Hg)	YSC	4	104 ± 10	–	–	–
	YC	4	110 ± 12	111 ± 13	116 ± 17	108 ± 12
	Y 1 MAC	4	112 ± 12	118 ± 19	107 ± 11	114 ± 11
	Y 2 MAC	4	120 ± 18	115 ± 16	113 ± 10	117 ± 14
	OSC	4	114 ± 11	–	–	–
	OC	4	105 ± 10	110 ± 12	115 ± 16	109 ± 10
	O 1 MAC	4	117 ± 15	116 ± 11	123 ± 18	112 ± 10
		O 2 MAC	4	118 ± 14	113 ± 12	120 ± 17	107 ± 10

Data are presented as mean ± SD. HR: heart rate; MAP: mean arterial blood pressure; YSC: young sham control; YC: young control; Y: young; MAC: minimal alveolar concentration; 1 or 2 MAC: 1 or 2 MAC sevoflurane postconditioning; OSC: old sham control; OC: old control; O: old. CAO: coronary artery occlusion.

^a p < 0.05 vs. baseline within the same group.

Figure 2. Histogram of myocardial infarct size expressed as the percentage of the area at risk. Data were shown as mean ± SD (n = 6/group). AAR: area at risk; YC: young control; Y 1 MAC: young 1 MAC sevoflurane postconditioning; Y 2 MAC: young 2 MAC sevoflurane postconditioning; OC: old control; O 1 MAC: old 1 MAC sevoflurane postconditioning; O 2 MAC: old 2 MAC sevoflurane postconditioning; MAC: minimum alveolar concentration. *p < 0.05 vs. YC. †p < 0.05 vs. OC, O 1 MAC or O 2 MAC.

Figure 3. Representative images of TUNEL-stained apoptotic nuclei in brown and non-apoptotic nuclei in blue in different groups. In each group, six hearts were used. YC: young control; Y 1 MAC: young 1 MAC sevoflurane postconditioning; Y 2 MAC: young 2 MAC sevoflurane postconditioning; OC: old control; O 1 MAC: old 1 MAC sevoflurane postconditioning; O 2 MAC: old 2 MAC sevoflurane postconditioning; MAC: minimum alveolar concentration.

Figure 4. Quantification of apoptosis of cardiomyocyte in different groups. Apoptosis index was calculated by counting TUNEL-positive cells (magnification, ×400, 10 fields per heart) in each group, and shown as mean ± SD. YC: young control; Y 1 MAC: young 1 MAC sevoflurane postconditioning; Y 2 MAC: young 2 MAC sevoflurane postconditioning; OC: old control; O 1 MAC: old 1 MAC sevoflurane postconditioning; O 2 MAC: old 2 MAC sevoflurane postconditioning; MAC: minimum alveolar concentration. †p < 0.05 vs. YC.

Figure 5. Phosphorylation of Akt in different groups. Data were shown as mean ± SD (n = 4/group). GAPDH was used as loading control. a.u.: arbitrary units; YSC: young sham control; YC: young control; Y: young; MAC: minimal alveolar concentration; 1 or 2 MAC: 1 or 2 MAC sevoflurane postconditioning; OSC: old sham control; OC: old control; O: old. *p < 0.05 vs. YC. †p < 0.05 vs. Y 1 MAC or Y 2 MAC. ‡p < 0.05 vs. YSC.

Figure 6. Phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in different groups. Data are given as mean ± SD (n = 4/group). GAPDH was used as loading control. a.u.: arbitrary units; YSC: young sham control; YC: young control; Y: young; MAC: minimal alveolar concentration; 1 or 2 MAC: 1 or 2 MAC sevoflurane postconditioning; OSC: old sham control; OC: old control; O: old. *p < 0.05 vs. YC. †p < 0.05 vs. Y 1 MAC or Y 2 MAC. ‡p < 0.05 vs. YSC.

Figure 7. Phosphorylation of STAT3 in different groups. Data are given as mean ± SD (= 4/group). GAPDH was used as loading control. a.u.: arbitrary units; YSC: young sham control; YC: young control; Y: young; MAC: minimal alveolar concentration; 1 or 2 MAC: 1 or 2 MAC sevoflurane postconditioning; OSC: old sham control; OC: old control; O: old.

Figure 8. Diagram illustrating cardioprotective pathways of sevoflurane postconditioning in young and old rats in our model.