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Abstract
Individuals who abuse alcohol and other drugs are at increased risk for HIV/AIDS, although time of greatest risk is unclear. Although many studies have documented decreased sexual risk behaviours following substance abuse treatment, some evidence indicates that sexual risk behaviours may actually increase with sobriety. In this study, individuals involved in a substance abuse treatment programme were asked about their sexual activity for the month prior to treatment and 6 months after treatment. Results showed higher levels of sexual activity, including risky sexual activity, 6 months after discharge from treatment. This increase was found for individuals regardless of whether they were abstaining from substance use at follow-up, with highest levels of sexual activity and risky sexual activity reported by those still consuming alcohol or other drugs. These findings support the need for inclusion of HIV/AIDS prevention and educational programmes during substance abuse treatment.