Figures & data
Table 1. TPC content and HPLC analysis of individual phenolic compounds in ethyl acetate, methanol and 70% methanol–water extracts of T. chebula.
Table 2. α-glucosidase inhibitory effect and antioxidant activity of different extracts of T. chebula on in vitro models, as expressed (µg mL−1) by inhibitory concentration (IC50). Each value represents the mean ± SD of three replicates.
Figure 1. Dose–response curve for the inhibitory effect of T. chebula extracts on the activity of α-glucosidase.
![Figure 1. Dose–response curve for the inhibitory effect of T. chebula extracts on the activity of α-glucosidase.](/cms/asset/97ca5a16-efa1-40d0-83a2-0828c374ad7e/ienz_a_603130_f0001_b.gif)
Figure 2. DPPH radical scavenging activity of T. chebula extracts. The values were expressed as ±SD of triplicate measurements.
![Figure 2. DPPH radical scavenging activity of T. chebula extracts. The values were expressed as ±SD of triplicate measurements.](/cms/asset/70665f07-8c30-41f5-b3ae-7884e65b886e/ienz_a_603130_f0002_b.gif)
Figure 3. ABTS radical cation decolourization assay of T. chebula extracts along with the reference compounds trolox and ascorbic acid. All values were represented as ± SD of three parallel measurements (p ≤ 0.05).
![Figure 3. ABTS radical cation decolourization assay of T. chebula extracts along with the reference compounds trolox and ascorbic acid. All values were represented as ± SD of three parallel measurements (p ≤ 0.05).](/cms/asset/01c30baa-9a3e-4713-9352-950b6a5cdae1/ienz_a_603130_f0003_b.gif)
Figure 5. Effect of TC-2 extract treatment on the intracellular SODs activity in HepG2 cells. Cells were treated with indicated concentrations of the extract for 2 h. Data were expressed as mean ± SD of triplicate experiments.
![Figure 5. Effect of TC-2 extract treatment on the intracellular SODs activity in HepG2 cells. Cells were treated with indicated concentrations of the extract for 2 h. Data were expressed as mean ± SD of triplicate experiments.](/cms/asset/85f21ad8-92df-419f-8899-880daa0249c3/ienz_a_603130_f0005_b.gif)
Figure 6. Level of total glutathione S-transferase (GST) after treatment of HepG2 cells with TC-2 extract for 24 h. The results are expressed relative to the control and represent mean values ± SD of GST measurements (n = 3).
![Figure 6. Level of total glutathione S-transferase (GST) after treatment of HepG2 cells with TC-2 extract for 24 h. The results are expressed relative to the control and represent mean values ± SD of GST measurements (n = 3).](/cms/asset/8aa07c44-f26d-4ff4-a5c3-2356fc3fc822/ienz_a_603130_f0006_b.gif)
Figure 7. Evaluation of oxidative stress in C2C12 cell lines by flow cytometry. Blank – cells without any treatment; control – cells treated with hydrogen peroxide; A – cells treated with hydrogen peroxide and ascorbic acid (25 µg mL−1); others are cells treated with hydrogen peroxide and different concentrations (10, 20, 40, 80 and 100 µg mL−1) of TC-2 extract. Values are represented as mean value ± SD (n = 3).
![Figure 7. Evaluation of oxidative stress in C2C12 cell lines by flow cytometry. Blank – cells without any treatment; control – cells treated with hydrogen peroxide; A – cells treated with hydrogen peroxide and ascorbic acid (25 µg mL−1); others are cells treated with hydrogen peroxide and different concentrations (10, 20, 40, 80 and 100 µg mL−1) of TC-2 extract. Values are represented as mean value ± SD (n = 3).](/cms/asset/dd92543f-5d31-4fa4-a63c-7a497369304d/ienz_a_603130_f0007_b.gif)