Evaluation of naproxen and cromolyn activities against cancer cells viability, proliferation, apoptosis, p53 and gene expression of survivin and caspase-3

Figures & data

Figure 1. Molecular structure of both naproxen (A) and cromolyn (B).

Figure 2. Pictures of Caco2, HepG2, MCF7, Hela, A5W9 and Hep2 cell lines before inhibition.

Figure 3. Effects of treatment with naproxen different concentrations and the control DMSO against in vitro proliferation (survival fraction percentage) of Caco2, HepG2, MCF7, Hela, A5W9 and Hep2 cell lines. Mean survival fraction percentage ± SD are the presented data and (*) p value < 0.05 compared to control.

Figure 4. Effects of treatment with cromolyn different concentrations and the control DMSO against in vitro proliferation (survival fraction percentage) of Caco2, HepG2, MCF7, Hela, A5W9 and Hep2 cell lines. Mean survival fraction percentage ± SD are the presented data and (*) p value < 0.05 compared to control.

Figure 5. Effects of treatment with Known GSK3β inhibitor LiCl different concentrations and the control DMSO against in vitro proliferation (survival fraction percentage) of Caco2, HepG2, MCF7, Hela, A5W9 and Hep2 cell lines. Mean survival fraction percentage ± SD are the presented data and (*) p value < 0.05 compared to control.

Figure 6. Effects of treatment with naproxen, cromolyn and LiCl highest concentrations 10000 nM and the control DMSO after 96 h on in vitro apoptosis (A) of Caco2, HepG2, MCF7, Hela, A5W9 and Hep2 cell lines and human p53 concentrations for the same conditions and (B) mean ± SD are the presented data and (*) p value < 0.05 compared to control.

Figure 7. Effects of treatment with naproxen, cromolyn and LiCl highest concentrations 10 000 nM and the control DMSO after 96 h on in vitro relative survivin (A) and caspase3 (B) genes expression of Caco2, HepG2, MCF7, Hela, A5W9 and Hep2 cell lines.

Figure 8. Agarose gel electrophoresis bands of survivin (A) and caspase3 (B) genes after treatment with naproxen, cromolyn and LiCl highest concentrations 10 000 nM and the control DMSO for 96 h on Caco2, HepG2, MCF7, Hela, A5W9 and Hep2 cell lines.

Table 1. Cell viability (number) of GSK3β inhibitors against different cell lines by Trypan blue assay after 72 and 96 h.

	Naproxen		Cromolyn		LiCl
Cell line	72 h	96 h	72 h	96 h	72 h	96
Caco2	45 ± 0.32*	42.1 ± 0.45*	45 ± 0.35*	42.8 ± 0.9*	45.2 ± 0.15*	43.8 ± 0.51*
HepG2	46.9 ± 0.7*	40.6 ± 0.89*	48.1 ± 0.69*	43.3 ± 0.12*	50.3 ± 0.2*	45.5 ± 0.36*
MCF7	47.6 ± 0.89*	42.9 ± 1*	47.8 ± 0.32*	47.2 ± 0.5*	48.31 ± 0.42*	45.5 ± 0.35*
Hela	42.35 ± 1.1*	40.3 ± 0.29*	43.8 ± 0.7*	40.8 ± 0.26*	45.1 ± 0.2*	43 ± 0.36*
A5W9	43 ± 0.36*	39.2 ± 1.5*	45.3 ± 0.52*	42.4 ± 0.36*	45.9 ± 1.1*	43.3 ± 1*
Hep2	44.3 ± 1*	41.9 ± 0.85*	43.4 ± 0.05*	41.4 ± 0.42*	47.7 ± 0.4*	44.7 ± 0.75*

Data are expressed as percentage to the control cell number ± SD.

Drugs were presented at a final concentration of 10 μM for cromolyn and naproxen while, LiCl 10 mM and (*) p value < 0.05 compared to control.

Table 2. Cytotoxicities (IC₅₀ in μM for naproxen and cromolyn, while LiCl in mM) of GSK3β inhibitors against different cell lines after 72 and 96 h by MTT proliferation assay.

	Naproxen		Cromolyn		LiCl
Cell line	72 h	96 h	72 h	96 h	72 h	96 h
Caco2	4.14	3.79	4.36	3.98	4.28	3.89
HepG2	4.54	3.91	4.69	4.10	4.88	4.36
MCF7	4.56	3.81	4.59	4.31	4.62	4.19
Hela	4.30	3.91	4.39	4.05	4.54	4.30
A5W9	4.30	2.58	4.60	4.23	4.60	4.19
Hep2	4.40	4.14	4.54	4.27	4.80	4.26