The effect of adopting the IADPSG screening guidelines on the risk profile and outcomes of the gestational diabetes population

Figures & data

Table 1. Maternal characteristics.

Characteristic	Two-step method (n = 131)	One-step method (n = 104)	p
Maternal age (years)	34.0 (32.0–37.0)	34.0 (30.0–38.0)	0.28
<35	67 (51.1)	59 (56.7)	0.39
≥35	64 (48.9)	45 (43.3)
Body mass index before 12 weeks of gestation*	27.1 (23.2–32.5)	25.9 (22.5–31.6)	0.30
<25 (normal or underweight)	41 (35.7)	38 (42.7)	0.59
25--30 (overweight)	31 (27.0)	22 (24.7)
≥ 30 (obese)	43 (37.4)	29 (32.6)
Parity			0.06
Primiparous	52 (32.7)	54 (51.9)
Multiparous	79 (60.3)	50 (48.1)
Race/ethnicity			0.26
Non-Hispanic white	55 (42.0)	34 (32.7)
Non-Hispanic black	18 (13.7)	13 (12.5)
Hispanic	7 (5.3)	9 (8.7)
Asian/Pacific Islander	36 (27.5)	40 (38.5)
Other	15 (11.5)	8 (7.7)
Medical history
Family history of diabetes	61 (46.6)	50 (48.1)	0.82
Chronic hypertension	13 (9.9)	8 (7.7)	0.55
Polycystic ovary syndrome	6 (4.6)	10 (9.6)	0.13

Data are presented as median (interquartile range) or n (%).

*Data available for 115 (87.8%) women in the two-step method group and 89 (85.6%) women in the one-step method group.

Table 2. Maternal weight gain and insulin use.

	Two-step method (n = 131)	One-step method (n = 104)	p
Gestational age at time of GDM diagnosis (weeks)	27.0 (25.0–29.0)	26.0 (24.5–28.0)	0.20
Weight gain per week prior to GDM diagnosis (pounds)	0.78 (0.53–1.1)	0.81 (0.53–1.0)	0.89
Weight gain per week after GDM diagnosis (pounds)	0.56 (0.15–0.89)	0.67 (0.31–1.0)	0.047
Overall weight gain per week	0.70 (0.44–0.97)	0.79 (0.55–1.0)	0.06
Treatment			0.79
Insulin plus diet	59 (45.0)	45 (43.3)
Diet only	72 (55.0)	59 (56.7)

Data are presented as median (interquartile range) or n (%).

Table 3. Pregnancy and neonatal outcomes.

	Two-step method (n = 131)	One-step method (n = 104)	p
Number of ultrasounds*	8.0 (5.0–11.0)	9.5 (7.0–12.0)	0.003
Gestational age at delivery (weeks)	39.0 (37.9–39.7)	39.0 (38.0–39.6)	0.99
Delivery type			0.64
Spontaneous vaginal	68 (51.9)	52 (50.0)
Cesarean	63 (48.1)	51 (49.0)
Vacuum-assisted vaginal	0 (0.0)	1 (1.0)
Pregnancy complications
Hypertensive disorder†	21 (16.0)	17 (16.3)	0.95
Polyhydramnios	1 (0.8)	2 (1.9)	0.58
IUGR	10 (7.6)	4 (3.8)	0.22
Suspected macrosomia	7 (5.3)	12 (11.5)	0.08
Shoulder dystocia	0 (0.0)	1 (1.0)	0.44
Other	14 (10.7)	5 (4.8)	0.10
Birth weight (g)	3295.0 (2995.0–3590.0)	3320.0 (2970.0–3622.5)	0.54
Weight > 4000 g	10 (7.6)	14 (13.5)	0.14
NICU Admission	23 (18.0)	12 (11.5)	0.17
Neonatal complications
Neonatal hypoglycemia	8 (6.1)	3 (2.9)	0.35
Hyperbilirubinemia	11 (8.4)	9 (8.7)	0.94
Birth injury (clavicle fracture, brachial plexus injury)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	–
Any neonatal adverse outcome‡	35 (26.7)	27 (26.0)	0.90

IUGR=intrauterine growth restriction; NICU=neonatal intensive care unit. Data are presented as median (interquartile range) or n (%).

*Twenty-nine (22.1%) women in the two-step method group and 22 (21.2%) in the one-step method group were missing data on the number of ultrasounds in pregnancy.

†Includes gestational hypertension, preeclampsia and hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets.

‡Any neonatal adverse outcome includes macrosomia, hypoglycemia, birth injury, hyperbilirubinemia or NICU admission.