Screening for Depression in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Figures & data

Table 1.  COPD patient characteristics

	Total Sample (n = 188) M ± SD or n (%)
Age	66.4 ± 5.9
Female (%)	113 (60.1%)
White (%)	172 (91.5%)
College degree or above (%)	62 (33.0%)
Married or with partner (%)	107 (56.9%)
Currently working (%)	34 (18.5%)
GOLD Class 2 or greater^a	82 (49.4%)
Current smoking (%)	36 (19.1%)
Ever smoked (%)	149 (79.3%)
Geriatric Depression Scale	2.9 ± 2.9
Depressive disorder
MDD (%)	21 (11.2%)
Minor Depression (%)	23 (12.2%)
Dysthymia (%)	3 (1.6%)
Any mood disorder (%)	46 (24.5%)

Abbreviations: GOLD, Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease; MDD, Major Depressive Disorder.

^an = 166, 22 participants were unable to complete spirometry studies.

Figure 1.  Receiver operating characteristic curves for the Geriatric Depression Scale – Short Form in predicting a diagnosis of mood disorders in pulmonary disorders.

Table 2.  Sensitivity and specificity of the GDS-15 cut-off scores for identifying COPD patients with mood disorders using the MINI Neuropsychiatric Inventory

	Major Depressive Disorder			Any mood disorder
	Cut-point 5 and above			Cut-point 4 and above
	< 65 yrs	≥65 yrs	Total	< 65 yrs	≥65 yrs	Total
Stratified by age	n = 78	n = 110	n = 188	n = 78	n = 110	n = 188
Prevalence n(%)	8 (10.3%)	13 (11.8%)	21 (11.2%)	20(25.6%)	26(23.6%)	46(24.5%)
Sensitivity	0.75	0.85	0.81	0.75	0.62	0.67
Specificity	0.84	0.89	0.87	0.83	0.82	0.82
Positive Predictive Value	0.35	0.50	0.44	0.60	0.52	0.55
Negative Predictive Value	0.97	0.98	0.97	0.91	0.87	0.89
Correctly Classified (%)	83%	88%	86%	73%	77%	79%
Stratified by	GOLD < 2	GOLD≥2	Total	GOLD < 2	GOLD≥2	Total
disease severity	n = 84	n = 82	n = 166	n = 84	n = 82	n = 166
Prevalence n(%)	8(9.5%)	7(8.5%)	15(9.0%)	18 (21.4%)	17(20.7%)	35 (21.1%)
Sensitivity	0.88	0.71	0.80	0.61	0.59	0.60
Specificity	0.90	0.85	0.87	0.85	0.79	0.82
Positive Predictive Value	0.47	0.31	0.39	0.52	0.42	0.47
Negative Predictive Value	0.99	0.97	0.98	0.89	0.88	0.88
Correctly Classified (%)	89%	84%	87%	80%	74%	77%

Abbreviations: GDS-SF, Geriatric Depression Scale- Short Form; GOLD, Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease criteria.