Prevalence of Pulmonary Hypertension and its Influence on Survival in Patients With Advanced Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Prior to Lung Transplantation

Figures & data

Figure 1.  Patient inclusion and exclusion criteria for the cohort of patients with COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease).

Table 1.  Patient characteristics with pulmonary hypertension threshold of mean pulmonary artery pressure ≥ 25 mmHg

	All (N = 1244)		PH (N = 652)		No PH (N = 592)		p-value
Variable	N (%)	Mean (SD)	N (%)	Mean (SD)	N (%)	Mean (SD)	t-test	Chi-square
Male	483 (38.83%)	–	283 (43.40%)	–	200 (33.78%)	–	–	0.001
Race	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	0.101
White	1138 (91.48%)	–	586 (89.88%)	–	552 (93.24%)	–	–	–
Black	86 (6.91%)	–	53 (8.13%)	–	33 (5.57%)	–	–	–
Other	20 (1.61%)	–	13 (1.99%)	–	7 (1.18%)	–	–	–
Age (years)	–	59.14 (6.48)	–	59.30 (6.57)	–	58.98 (6.38)	0.383	–
Creatinine (mg/dL)	–	0.81 (0.42)	–	0.82 (0.51)	–	0.79 (0.29)	0.350	–
BMI (kg/m^2)	–	25.11 (4.35)	–	25.78 (4.36)	–	24.37 (4.23)	<0.001	–
FEV1 (% predicted)*	–	22.92 (10.64)	–	22.00 (10.29)	–	24.06 (11.04)	0.246	–
FVC (% predicted)**	–	56.96 (15.98)	–	53.17 (15.36)	–	61.61 (15.61)	0.001	–
6MWD (meters)***	–	210.67 (110.04)	–	198.90 (108.74)	–	225.07 (110.72)	0.149	–

*146 cases have data on FEV₁. **147 cases have data on FVC. ***149 cases have data on 6MWD. PH = pulmonary hypertension, SD = standard deviation, BMI = body mass index, FEV₁ = forced expiratory volume in one second, FVC = forced vital capacity, 6MWD = 6-minute walk distance.

Table 2.  Patient characteristics with pulmonary hypertension threshold of mean pulmonary artery pressure ≥ 35 mmHg

	All (N = 1244)		PH (N = 122)		No PH (N = 1122)		p-value
Variable	N (%)	Mean (SD)	N (%)	Mean (SD)	N (%)	Mean (SD)	t-test	Chi-square
Male	483 (38.83%)	–	63 (51.64%)	–	420 (37.43%)	–	–	0.002
Race	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	0.047
White	1138 (91.48%)	–	105 (86.07%)	–	1033 (92.07%)	–	–	–
Black	86 (6.91%)	–	15 (12.30%)	–	71 (6.33%)	–	–	–
Other	20 (1.61%)	–	2 (1.64%)	–	18 (1.60%)	–	–	–
Age (years)	–	59.14 (6.48)	–	59.07 (6.89)	–	59.15 (6.43)	0.899	–
Creatinine (mg/dL)	–	0.81 (0.42)	–	0.83 (0.28)	–	0.80 (0.43)	0.517	–
BMI (kg/m^2)	–	25.11 (4.35)	–	25.89 (4.66)	–	25.02 (4.31)	0.038	–
FEV1 (% predicted)*	–	22.92 (10.64)	–	22.31 (9.83)	–	22.99 (10.77)	0.810	–
FVC (% predicted)**	–	56.96 (15.98)	–	50.69 (17.55)	–	57.73 (15.68)	0.097	–
6MWD (meters)***	–	210.67 (110.04)	–	178.50 (82.17)	–	214.54 (112.56)	0.217	–

*146 cases have data on FEV₁. **147 cases have data on FVC. ***149 cases have data on 6MWD. PH = pulmonary hypertension, SD = standard deviation, BMI = body mass index, FEV₁ = forced expiratory volume in one second, FVC = forced vital capacity, 6MWD = 6-minute walk distance.

Table 3.  Univariate survival analysis (N = 1243)

Variable	N	HR	95% CI	p-value
Pulmonary hypertension: Mean pulmonary artery pressure ≥25 mmHg	1243	1.769	(1.331, 2.351)	<0.001
Pulmonary hypertension: Mean pulmonary artery pressure ≥35 mmHg	1243	3.271	(2.311, 4.630)	<0.001
Male	1243	1.141	(0.856, 1.521)	0.368
Race	1243
White		ref.
Black		1.046	(0.583, 1.877)	0.880
Other		1.575	(0.647, 3.830)	0.317
Age (years)	1243	1.006	(0.983, 1.028)	0.629
Creatinine (mg/dL)	1243	0.773	(0.438, 1.361)	0.372
BMI (kg/m^2)	1243	0.945	(0.915, 0.975)	<0.001
FEV1 (% predicted)	146	0.965	(0.926, 1.006)	0.090
FVC (% predicted)	147	0.976	(0.957, 0.994)	0.011
6MWD (meters)	149	0.996	(0.994, 0.999)	0.003

HR = hazard ratio, CI = confidence interval, BMI = body mass index, FEV₁ = forced expiratory volume in 1 second, FVC = forced vital capacity, 6MWD = 6-minute walk distance.

Figure 2.  Kaplan–Meier survival functions comparing pulmonary hypertension and no pulmonary hypertension in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease using mean pulmonary artery pressure ≥25 mmHg as the threshold (N = 1243), Log-rank test: Chi-square (df = 1): 15.87, p < 0.0001. PH = pulmonary hypertension.

Figure 3. Kaplan-Meier survival functions comparing pulmonary hypertension and no pulmonary hypertension in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease using mean pulmonary artery pressure ≥35 mmHg as the threshold (N = 1243), Log-rank test: Chi-square (df = 1): 50.13, p < 0.0001. PH = pulmonary hypertension.

Table 4.  Multivariate survival analysis with mean pulmonary artery pressure ≥25 mmHg as the pulmonary hypertension threshold (N = 1243)

Variable	HR	95% CI	p-value
Pulmonary hypertension	1.987	(1.484, 2.662)	<0.001
Male	1.219	(0.903, 1.646)	0.196
Race
White	ref.
Black	1.006	(0.559, 1.810)	0.985
Other	1.402	(0.574, 3.423)	0.458
Age (years)	1.002	(0.980, 1.025)	0.862
Creatinine (mg/dL)	0.842	(0.512, 1.387)	0.500
BMI (kg/m^2)	0.929	(0.898, 0.960)	<0.001

HR = hazard ratio, CI = confidence interval, BMI = body mass index.

Table 5.  Multivariate survival analysis with mean pulmonary artery pressure ≥35 mmHg as the pulmonary hypertension threshold (N = 1243)

Variable	HR	95% CI	p-value
Pulmonary hypertension	3.432	(2.410, 4.888)	<0.001
Male	1.200	(0.888, 1.622)	0.235
Race
White	ref.
Black	0.869	(0.479, 1.577)	0.645
Other	1.716	(0.703, 4.185)	0.235
Age (years)	1.004	(0.981, 1.027)	0.741
Creatinine (mg/dL)	0.860	(0.510, 1.448)	0.570
BMI (kg/m^2)	0.939	(0.909, 0.970)	<0.001

HR = hazard ratio, CI = confidence interval, BMI = body mass index.