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Original Research

Pulmonary Artery Abnormalities in Ex-smokers with and without Airflow Obstruction

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Figures & data

Figure 1.  Pulmonary artery volume measurements from thoracic CT. Left panel shows axial view of CT volume. The axes of segmentation are defined from the bifurcation parallel to each of the main, left and right pulmonary arteries at the level of the bifurcation. Middle panel shows a representative slice of the segmented artery. Right panel shows the segmented main (in red), left (in blue) and right (in green) pulmonary arteries. Scale bar = 1 cm.

Figure 1.  Pulmonary artery volume measurements from thoracic CT. Left panel shows axial view of CT volume. The axes of segmentation are defined from the bifurcation parallel to each of the main, left and right pulmonary arteries at the level of the bifurcation. Middle panel shows a representative slice of the segmented artery. Right panel shows the segmented main (in red), left (in blue) and right (in green) pulmonary arteries. Scale bar = 1 cm.

Table 1.  Subject characteristics

Figure 2.  Representative MRI and CT pulmonary and pulmonary artery disease biomarkers. Subject 1: 74-year-old female never-smoker FEV1/FVC = 72%, FEV1%pred = 90%, VDP = 1%, ADC = 0.27 cm2/s, WA% = 69%, main pulmonary artery volume = 18 cm3, left pulmonary artery volume = 7 cm3, right pulmonary artery volume = 7 cm3, total pulmonary artery volume = 26 cm3. Subject 2: 67-year-old male ex-smoker FEV1/FVC = 94%, FEV1%pred = 103%, VDP = 5%, ADC = 0.30 cm2/s, WA% = 56%, main pulmonary artery volume = 24 cm3, left pulmonary artery volume = 9 cm3, right pulmonary artery volume = 9 cm3, total pulmonary artery volume = 31 cm3. Subject 3: 62-year-old female ex-smoker FEV1/FVC = 76%, FEV1%pred = 64%, VDP = 13%, ADC = 0.23 cm2/s, WA% = 68%, main pulmonary artery volume = 23 cm3, left pulmonary artery volume = 9 cm3, right pulmonary artery volume = 8 cm3, total pulmonary artery volume = 30 cm3. Subject 4: 76-year-old male ex-smoker GOLD grade II COPD, FEV1/FVC = 39%, FEV1%pred = 56%, VDP = 24%, ADC = 0.50 cm2/s, WA% = 66%, main pulmonary artery volume = 29 cm3, left pulmonary artery volume = 11 cm3, right pulmonary artery volume = 11 cm3, total pulmonary artery volume = 38 cm3. Subject 5: 86-year-old male ex-smoker GOLD grade III COPD, FEV1/FVC = 35%, FEV1%pred = 38%, VDP = 30%, ADC = 0.48 cm2/s, WA% = 67%, main pulmonary artery volume = 30 cm3, left pulmonary artery volume = 11 cm3, right pulmonary artery volume = 12 cm3, total pulmonary artery volume = 40 cm3.

Figure 2.  Representative MRI and CT pulmonary and pulmonary artery disease biomarkers. Subject 1: 74-year-old female never-smoker FEV1/FVC = 72%, FEV1%pred = 90%, VDP = 1%, ADC = 0.27 cm2/s, WA% = 69%, main pulmonary artery volume = 18 cm3, left pulmonary artery volume = 7 cm3, right pulmonary artery volume = 7 cm3, total pulmonary artery volume = 26 cm3. Subject 2: 67-year-old male ex-smoker FEV1/FVC = 94%, FEV1%pred = 103%, VDP = 5%, ADC = 0.30 cm2/s, WA% = 56%, main pulmonary artery volume = 24 cm3, left pulmonary artery volume = 9 cm3, right pulmonary artery volume = 9 cm3, total pulmonary artery volume = 31 cm3. Subject 3: 62-year-old female ex-smoker FEV1/FVC = 76%, FEV1%pred = 64%, VDP = 13%, ADC = 0.23 cm2/s, WA% = 68%, main pulmonary artery volume = 23 cm3, left pulmonary artery volume = 9 cm3, right pulmonary artery volume = 8 cm3, total pulmonary artery volume = 30 cm3. Subject 4: 76-year-old male ex-smoker GOLD grade II COPD, FEV1/FVC = 39%, FEV1%pred = 56%, VDP = 24%, ADC = 0.50 cm2/s, WA% = 66%, main pulmonary artery volume = 29 cm3, left pulmonary artery volume = 11 cm3, right pulmonary artery volume = 11 cm3, total pulmonary artery volume = 38 cm3. Subject 5: 86-year-old male ex-smoker GOLD grade III COPD, FEV1/FVC = 35%, FEV1%pred = 38%, VDP = 30%, ADC = 0.48 cm2/s, WA% = 67%, main pulmonary artery volume = 30 cm3, left pulmonary artery volume = 11 cm3, right pulmonary artery volume = 12 cm3, total pulmonary artery volume = 40 cm3.

Figure 3.  Pulmonary artery volumes for ex- and never-smokers. Post-hoc analysis showed significant differences between ex-smokers and never-smokers for all PA volumes. Significant differences in pulmonary artery volume were also observed between ex-smokers with and without airflow obstruction except for the left pulmonary artery.

Figure 3.  Pulmonary artery volumes for ex- and never-smokers. Post-hoc analysis showed significant differences between ex-smokers and never-smokers for all PA volumes. Significant differences in pulmonary artery volume were also observed between ex-smokers with and without airflow obstruction except for the left pulmonary artery.

Table 2.  Pearson correlations for pulmonary artery volumes

Table 3.  Relationships with total exacerbations in COPD patients (n = 68)

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