Immunological status of White Leghorn chicks hatched from eggs inoculated with ochratoxin A (OTA)

Figures & data

Table 1.  Lymphoblastogenic response of chicks to intradermal injection of phytohemagglutinin P (PHA-P).

Group (ochratoxin A [OTA] µg/egg)	Skin thickness response (mm)
	After 24 h	After 48 h	After 72 h
A (0)	0.64 ± 0.02^a	0.34 ± 0.01^a	0.23 ± 0.03^a
B (0.01)	0.63 ± 0.03^a	0.31 ± 0.01^b	0.19 ± 0.02^b
C (0.03)	0.59 ± 0.01^b	0.30 ± 0.02^c	0.18 ± 0.01^c
D (0.05)	0.55 ± 0.03^b	0.29 ± 0.02^d	0.16 ± 0.02^d
E (0.10)	0.49 ± 0.03^c	0.25 ± 0.02^e	0.14 ± 0.01^e
F (0.50)	0.50 ± 0.02^c	0.21 ± 0.01^f	0.11 ± 0.01^f
G (1.00)	0.47 ± 0.02^c	0.17 ± 0.02^g	0.09 ± 0.01^g

In columns, values followed by different letters are significantly different from each other at P ≤ 0.05.

Values shown are mean ± SD; n = 10/group.

Table 2.  Macrophage functions of chicks hatched from egg inoculated with ochratoxin A (OTA).

Groups (µg OTA/egg)	% Phagocytic cells	# SRBC/macrophage	Nitrite production (µM)
A (0)	27.95 ± 1.57^a	2.04 ± 0.16^a	24.43 ± 1.39^a
B (0.01)	24.62 ± 2.12^b	1.90 ± 0.15^a	20.52 ± 0.91^ab
C (0.03)	24.53 ± 1.62^b	1.50 ± 0.17^bc	16.32 ± 2.60^bc
D (0.05)	24.08 ± 1.88^b	1.43 ± 0.18^bc	19.10 ± 5.41^b
E(0.10)	19.95 ± 1.45^c	1.58 ± 0.06^b	14.18 ± 4.11^cd
F (0.50)	18.23 ± 1.52^c	1.39 ± 0.19^bc	10.40 ± 2.14^de
G (1.00)	14.53 ± 1.14^d	1.22 ± 0.05^c	9.49 ± 0.77^e

In columns, values followed by different letters are significantly different from each other at P ≤ 0.05.

Values shown are mean ± SD; n = 15/group.

Table 3.  Anti-SRBC antibody titers in chicks from eggs inoculated with ochratoxin A (OTA).

Groups (µg OTA/egg)	At Day 7 post-primary injection			At Day 14 post-primary injection
	Total Abs	IgG	IgM	Total Abs	IgG	IgM
A (0)	2.40 ± 1.14	1.20 ± 0.45	1.20 ± 1.10	1.80 ± 0.84^a	1.60 ± 0.55^a	0.20 ± 0.45
B (0.01)	2.40 ± 0.55	1.60 ± 0.55	0.80 ± 0.84	1.60 ± 0.55^ab	1.40 ± 0.55^ab	0.20 ± 0.45
C (0.03)	3.00 ± 0.01	1.80 ± 0.84	1.20 ± 0.84	1.20 ± 0.45^ab	0.70 ± 0.45^ab	0.50 ± 0.01
D (0.05)	2.60 ± 0.89	2.00 ± 0.71	0.60 ± 0.55	1.40 ± 0.55^ab	1.00 ± 0.01^b	0.40 ± 0.55
E (0.10)	2.60 ± 0.89	2.00 ± 1.22	0.60 ± 0.55	1.40 ± 0.55^ab	0.50 ± 0.01^b	0.50 ± 0.01
F (0.50)	2.80 ± 1.30	1.80 ± 1.30	1.00 ± 0.01	1.00 ± 0.01^b	1.00 ± 0.01^b	0.40 ± 0.55
G (1.00)	2.00 ± 0.71	1.60 ± 0.89	0.40 ± 0.55	1.00 ± 0.01^b	0.60 ± 0.01^b	0.40 ± 0.01
Groups (µg OTA/egg)	At Day 7 post-booster injection			At Day 14 post-booster injection
	Total Abs	IgG	IgM	Total Abs	IgG	IgM
A (0)	6.20 ± 1.48^a	5.40 ± 0.55^a	1.80 ± 0.84^a	4.40 ± 0.55^a	3.60 ± 0.55^a	0.80 ± 0.84
B (0.01)	5.80 ± 0.84^ab	5.00 ± 0.71^ab	1.20 ± 0.84^ab	3.60 ± 1.14^ab	2.80 ± 0.45^ab	0.80 ± 0.84
C (0.03)	5.40 ± 0.55^ab	4.40 ± 0.89^abc	1.20 ± 0.45^ab	3.40 ± 0.55^ab	3.20 ± 0.45^ab	0.20 ± 0.45
D (0.05)	5.60 ± 0.55^ab	4.80 ± 0.45^abc	1.40 ± 0.55^ab	3.60 ± 0.89^ab	2.60 ± 0.55^ab	0.40 ± 0.89
E (0.10)	6.00 ± 0.71^ab	4.20 ± 0.45^bc	0.80 ± 0.45^bc	3.40 ± 1.14^ab	2.80 ± 0.45^ab	0.80 ± 0.84
F (0.50)	5.60 ± 0.55^ab	4.40 ± 0.55^bc	0.80 ± 0.84^bc	3.00 ± 0.71^b	2.60 ± 0.89^ab	0.80 ± 0.45
G (1.00)	4.60 ± 1.52^b	3.80 ± 1.10^c	0.20 ± 0.01^c	2.80 ± 0.84^b	2.40 ± 1.34^b	0.40 ± 0.55

In columns, values followed by different letters are significantly different from each other at P ≤ 0.05.

Values shown are mean ± SD; n = 15/group.