Figures & data
Figure 1. Effects of histaminergic ligands on hepatic lipid peroxides contents (measured as MDA). Rats were subjected to either sham operation or hepatic ischemia followed by re-perfusion. I/R-operated rats were pre-treated three times (at 24, 12, and 0 h) before induction of ischemia with control vehicle(s), histamine (20 mg/kg, SC), mepyramine (3 mg/kg, SC 15 min prior to histamine), ranitidine (10 mg/kg, SC 15 min prior to histamine), thioperamide (5 mg/kg, SC 15 min prior to histamine), or clozapine (15 mg/kg, SC). Hepatic lipid peroxides contents (i.e., MDA) were determined at the end of the re-perfusion period. Data are presented as mean (± SD; n = 8/group) MDA content (µM/g tissue). Value is significantly different from the * sham-operated, a I/R, or b histamine group at p < 0.05. H, histamine; M, mepyramine; R, ranitidine; T, thioperamide; Cloz, clozapine.
Figure 2. Effects of histaminergic ligands on hepatic GSH contents. Rats were subjected to either sham operation or hepatic ischemia followed by re-perfusion. I/R-operated rats were pre-treated three times (at 24, 12, and 0 h) before induction of ischemia with control vehicles, histamine, mepyramine, ranitidine, thioperamide, or clozapine. For doses/timing of doses, please see legend to . Hepatic GSH contents were determined at the end of the re-perfusion period. Data are presented as mean (± SD; n = 8/group) GSH content (µM/g tissue). Value is significantly different from the * sham-operated, a I/R, or b histamine group at p < 0.05. H, histamine; M, mepyramine; R, ranitidine; T, thioperamide; Cloz, clozapine.
Figure 3. Effects of histaminergic ligands on plasma ALT level. Rats were subjected to either sham operation or hepatic ischemia followed by re-perfusion. I/R-operated rats were pre-treated three times (at 24, 12, and 0 h) before induction of ischemia with control vehicles, histamine, mepyramine, ranitidine, thioperamide, or clozapine. For doses/timing of doses, please see legend to . Plasma ALT levels were determined at the end of the re-perfusion period. Data are presented as the mean (± SD; n = 8/group) ALT levels (IU/L). Value is significantly different from the * sham-operated, a I/R, or b histamine group at p < 0.05. H, histamine; M, mepyramine; R, ranitidine; T, thioperamide; Cloz, clozapine.
Figure 4. Effects of histaminergic ligands on plasma AST level. Rats were subjected to either sham operation or hepatic ischemia followed by re-perfusion. I/R-operated rats were pre-treated 3-times (at 24, 12, and 0 h) before induction of ischemia with control vehicles, histamine, mepyramine, ranitidine, thioperamide, or clozapine. For doses/timing of doses, please see legend to . Plasma AST levels were determined at the end of the re-perfusion period. Data are presented as the mean (± SD; n = 8/group) AST levels (IU/L). Value is significantly different from the * sham-operated, a I/R, or b histamine group at p < 0.05. H, histamine; M, mepyramine; R, ranitidine; T, thioperamide; Cloz, clozapine.
Figure 5. Effects of histaminergic ligands on TNFα contents. Rats were subjected to either sham operation or hepatic ischemia followed by re-perfusion. I/R-operated rats were pre-treated 3-times (at 24, 12, and 0 h) before induction of ischemia with control vehicles, histamine, mepyramine, ranitidine, thioperamide, or clozapine. For doses/timing of doses, please see legend to . Hepatic TNFα contents were determined at the end of the re-perfusion period. Data are presented as the mean (± SD; n = 8/group) TNFα content (pg/g tissue). Value is significantly different from the * sham-operated, a I/R, or b histamine group at p < 0.05. H, histamine; M, mepyramine; R, ranitidine; T, thioperamide; Cloz, clozapine.
Figure 6. Effects of histaminergic ligands on IL-12 (p70). Rats were subjected to either sham operation or hepatic ischemia followed by re-perfusion. I/R-operated rats were pre-treated 3-times (at 24, 12, and 0 h) before induction of ischemia with control vehicles, histamine (20 mg/kg, SC), mepyramine (3 mg/kg, SC) 15 min prior to histamine, ranitidine (10 mg/kg, SC) 15 min prior to histamine, thioperamide (5 mg/kg, SC) 15 min prior to histamine or clozapine (15 mg/kg, SC). Hepatic IL-12 (p70) contents were determined at the end of the re-perfusion period. Data are presented as the mean (± SD; n = 8/group) Hepatic IL-12 (p70) contents (pg/g tissue). Value is significantly different from the * sham-operated, a I/R, or b histamine group at p < 0.05. H, histamine; M, mepyramine; R, ranitidine; T, thioperamide; Cloz, clozapine.
Figure 7. Histology of liver sections recovered from rats in the various treatment groups. All images are 250× magnifications of H&E-stained tissues and are representative of samples from rats in each group. Section from: (a) sham-operated rat showing apparently normal liver except for mild central venous dilatation and congestion; (b) I/R-operated rat (control) showing disturbed architecture with necrosis and vacuolar degeneration around a dilated congested central vein; (c) histamine pre-treated rat showing minimal vacuolar degeneration peripherally; (d) rat that received thioperamide prior to histamine, showing massive central zonal necrosis around a dilated, engorged central vein with variable degrees of vacuolar degeneration; and (e) clozapine pre-treated rat showing mild vacuolar degeneration in hepatocytes and a dilated central vein.
