Chlorinated pesticide residues in human breast milk collected from southern Jordan in 2012/2013

Figures & data

Table 1. Mean recovery (%) and mean detection limits for the studied chlorinated pesticides in mother milk samples from southern Jordan in 2012/2013.

Pesticide	Mean detection limit (μg/mL)	% Recovery
Aldrin	0.005	99.0
Dieldrin	0.005	87.8
Endrin	0.005	79.9
α-endosulfan	0.005	94.5
β-endosulfan	0.005	99.2
HCB	0.005	79.3
α-HCH	0.005	94.8
β-HCH	0.005	91.9
γ-HCH	0.005	94.1
Heptachlor	0.005	99.0
o,p′-DDE	0.005	94.8
o,p′-DDD	0.005	86.9
o,p′-DDT	0.005	94.7
p,p′-DDD	0.005	90.3
p,p′-DDE	0.005	98.7
p,p′-DDT	0.005	90.3

Table 2. Average and range of chlorinated pesticides residues in mother milk samples from Karak district in Jordan in 2012/2013.

Chlorinated pesticide	N	N%	Average concentration (mg/kg fat)	Concentration range (mg/kg fat)
Aldrin	–	–	–	–
Dieldrin	–	–	–	–
Endrin	–	–	–	–
α-endosulfan	–	–	–	–
β-endosulfan	–	–	–	–
HCB	–	–	–	–
α-HCH	–	–	–	–
β-HCH	9	36	0.13	0.06–0.83
γ-HCH	–	–	–	–
Heptachlor	–	–	–	–
o,p′-DDE	–	–	–	–
o,p′-DDD	–	–	–	–
o,p′-DDT	–	–	–	–
p,p′-DDD	–	–	–	–
p,p′-DDE	14	56	0.21	0.04–1.43
p,p′-DDT	4	16	0.04	0.08–0.35

Notes: N = 25, average fat content = 3.5%, N = number of positive samples, N% = percentage of positive samples.

Table 3. Average and range of chlorinated pesticides residues in mother milk samples from Tafilah district in Jordan in 2012/2013.

Chlorinated pesticide	N	N%	Average concentration (mg/kg fat)	Concentration range (mg/kg fat)
Aldrin	–	–	–	–
Dieldrin	–	–	–	–
Endrin	–	–	–	–
α-endosulfan	–	–	–	–
β-endosulfan	–	–	–	–
HCB	–	–	–	–
α-HCH	2	10	0.008	0.08
β-HCH	5	25	0.1	0.16–0.64
γ-HCH	–	–	–	–
Heptachlor	1	5	0.004	0.08
o,p′-DDE	–	–	–	–
o,p′-DDD	–	–	–	–
o,p′-DDT	–	–	–	–
p,p′-DDD	–	–	–	–
p,p′-DDE	6	30	0.07	0.1–0.77
p,p′-DDT	–	–	–	–

Notes: N = 20, average fat content = 3.0%, N = number of positive samples, N% = percentage of positive samples.

Table 4. Average and range of chlorinated pesticides residues in mother milk samples from Ma’an district in Jordan in 2012/2013.

Chlorinated pesticide	N	N%	Average concentration (mg/kg fat)	Concentration range (mg/kg fat)
Aldrin	–	–	–	–
Dieldrin	–	–	–	–
Endrin	1	5	0.02	0.56
α-endosulfan	–	–	–	–
β-endosulfan	–	–	–	–
HCB	–	–	–	–
α-HCH	–	–	–	–
β-HCH	2	10	0.04	0.23–0.72
γ-HCH	–	–	–	–
Heptachlor	1	5	0.007	0.14
o,p′-DDE	–	–	–	–
o,p′-DDD	–	–	–	–
o,p′-DDT	–	–	–	–
p,p′-DDD	–	–	–	–
p,p′-DDE	11	55	0.14	0.07–0.97
p,p′-DDT	3	15	0.01	0.08–0.11

Notes: N = 15, average fat content = 3.2%, N = number of positive samples, N% = percentage of positive samples.

Table 5. Average and range of chlorinated pesticides residues in mother milk samples from Aqaba district in Jordan in 2012/2013.

Chlorinated pesticide	N	N%	Average concentration (mg/kg fat)	Concentration range (mg/kg fat)
Aldrin	–	–	–	–
Dieldrin	–	–	–	–
Endrin	–	–	–
α-endosulfan	–	–	–	–
β-endosulfan	–	–	–	–
HCB	–	–	–	–
α-HCH	–	–	–	–
β-HCH	6	30	0.13	0.03–0.59
γ-HCH	–	–	–	–
Heptachlor	–	–
o,p′-DDE	–	–	–	–
o,p′-DDD	–	–	–	–
o,p′-DDT	–	–	–	–
p,p’-DDD	–	–	–	–
p,p′-DDE	13	75	0.18	0.08–0.77
p,p′-DDT	–	–		–

Notes: N = 20, average fat content =2.9%, N = number of positive samples, N% = percentage of positive samples.

Table 6. Average and range of chlorinated pesticides residues in mother milk samples from Ghor Al-Safi district in Jordan in 2012/2013.

Chlorinated pesticide	N	N%	Average concentration (mg/kg fat)	Concentration range (mg/kg fat)
Aldrin	–	–	–	–
Dieldrin	–	–	–	–
Endrin	–	–	–
α-endosulfan	–	–	–	–
β-endosulfan	–	–	–	–
HCB	–	–	–	–
α-HCH	4	27	0.04	0.11–0.15
β-HCH	8	53	0.21	0.13–1.68
γ-HCH	–	–	–	–
Heptachlor	–	–
o,p′-DDE	–	–	–	–
o,p′-DDD	–	–	–	–
o,p′-DDT	–	–	–	–
p,p′-DDD	–	–	–	–
p,p′-DDE	15	100	0.73	0.10–1.50
p,p′-DDT	3	20	0.09	0.10–0.88

Notes: N = 15, average fat content =3.2%, N = number of positive samples, N% = percentage of positive samples.

Table 7. Average and range of chlorinated pesticides residues in all studied mother’s milk samples collected from five districts in Jordan in 2012/2013.

Chlorinated pesticide	N	N%	Average concentration (mg/kg fat)	Concentration range (mg/kg fat)
Aldrin	–	–	–	–
Dieldrin	–	–	–	–
Endrin	1	1	0.005	0.56
α-endosulfan	–	–	–	–
β-endosulfan	–	–	–	–
HCB	–	–	–	–
α-HCH	6	0.007	0.08	0.15
β-HCH	30	30	0.12	0.005–1.68
γ-HCH	–	–	–	–
Heptachlor	2	2	0.002	0.08–0.14
o,p′-DDE	–	–	–	–
o,p′-DDD	–	–	–	–
o,p′-DDT	–	–	–	–
p,p′-DDD	–	–	–	–
p,p′-DDE	59	59	0.24	0.04–1.50
p,p′-DDT	10	10	0.002	0.08–0.88

Notes: N = 15, average fat content =3.2%, N = number of positive samples, N% = percentage of positive samples.