Risk factors for revision due to infection after primary total hip arthroplasty

Figures & data

Table 1. Patient-related risk factors for revision due to infection following primary total hip arthroplasty during the maximum follow-up time of 14 years

	Patients (n)	Revision due to infection (n/%)	Crude RR (95% CI)	Adjusted RR ^a (95% CI)
Sex
Female	46,831	293 (0.63%)	1 (ref.)	1 (ref.)
Male	33,925	304 (0.90%)	1.46 (1.24–1.71)	1.53 (1.30–1.80)
Age groups (years)
0–59	16,537	126 (0.76%)	1 (ref.)	1 (ref.)
60–69	24,626	183 (0.74%)	1.01 (0.80–1.26)	0.98 (0.77–1.24)
70–79	27,422	210 (0.77%)	1.06 (0.85–1.32)	0.97 (0.75–1.26)
80+	12,171	78 (0.64%)	0.97 (0.73–1.29)	0.86 (0.63–1.19)
Charlson co-mobidity index
Index, low (0)	52,027	356 (0.68%)	1 (ref.)	1 (ref.)
Index, medium to high (1+)	28,729	241 (0.84%)	1.38 (1.17–1.63)	1.30 (1.09–1.54)
Diagnosis for primary THA
Primary osteoarthrosis	63,318	443 (0.70%)	1 (ref.)	1 (ref.)
Proximal femoral fracture	9,380	88 (0.94%)	1.51 (1.20–1.90)	1.46 (0.99–2.17)
Non-traumatic AVN	2,148	28 (1.30%)	1.85 (1.26–2.71)	1.70 (1.15–2.53)
Inflammatory arthritis	2,067	21 (1.02%)	1.33 (0.86–2.06)	1.19 (0.76–1.88)
Other diagnoses	3,843	17 (0.44%)	0.63 (0.39–1.03)	0.63 (0.38–1.04)
Previous surgery to the same hip
No	71,435	513 (0.72%)	1 (ref.)	1 (ref.)
Yes	9,321	84 (0.90%)	1.32 (1.05–1.67)	0.95 (0.64–1.41)

^a Relative risk mutually adjusted for other factors in Tables 1 and 2, and calendar year of surgery.

Table 2. Prosthesis- and surgery-related factors and calendar year of surgery as risk factors for revision due to infection following primary total hip arthroplasty during the maximum follow-up time of 14 years

	Patients (n)	Revision due to infection (n/%)	Crude RR (95% CI)	Adjusted RR ^a (95% CI)
Fixation technique
Cementless	25,571	132 (0.52%)	1 (ref.)	1 (ref.)
Cement with antibiotics	25,461	184 (0.72%)	1.25 (1.00–1.56)	1.24 (0.94–1.62)
Cement without antibiotics	9,185	96 (1.05%)	1.38 (1.06–1.81)	1.41 (1.01–1.96)
Hybrid	20,539	185 (0.90%)	1.47 (1.18–1.84)	1.53 (1.19–1.96)
Duration of surgery (min)
≤ 60	24,511	130 (0.53%)	1 (ref.)	1 (ref.)
61–90	37,273	283 (0.76%)	1.23 (1.00–1.52)	1.14 (0.91–1.42)
91–120	13,608	103 (0.76%)	1.22 (0.94–1.58)	1.09 (0.83–1.44)
121+	5,283	81 (1.51%)	2.29 (1.73–3.02)	2.02 (1.49–2.75)
Ossification prophylactic treatment
No prophylaxis	70,993	512 (0.72%)	1 (ref.)	1 (ref.)
NSAID treatment	9,763	85 (0.87%)	1.04 (0.83–1.31)	1.05 (0.83–1.34)
Type of anesthesia
Regional	61,287	427 (0.70%)	1 (ref.)	1 (ref.)
Universal	19,469	170 (0.87%)	1.22 (1.02–1.46)	1.17 (0.97–1.40)
Operating theater
Conventional ventilation	8,333	80 (0.96%)	1 (ref.)	1 (ref.)
Laminar air flow ventilation	72,423	517 (0.71%)	0.81 (0.64–1.03)	0.90 (0.70–1.14)

^a Relative risk mutually adjusted for other factors in Tables 1 and 2, and calendar year of surgery.