Impact of clinical pharmacist collaboration in patients beginning insulin pump therapy: a retrospective and cross-sectional analysis

Figures & data

Figure 1. Effectiveness and sustainability of glycemic control with CSII therapy. Statistical analysis of HbA1c 0–3 months Pre-CSII vs all HbA1c intervals post-CSII. †p < 0.05, §p = 0.051, ¶p = 0.063. Data are represented as mean HbA1c. CSII, Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; Mo, months.

Table 1. Baseline characteristics and medications used prior ro CSII.

	n = 25
Male (%)	40
Female (%)	60
Age (years)	62 ± 10.14
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (%)	20
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (%)	80
HbA1c (%)	8.69 ± 1.60
Body Mass Index (kg/m^2)	32.9 ± 8.53
Medications used prior to CSII^a (%)
Metformin	88.2
Sulfonylurea	52.9
Thiazolidinedione	29.4
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor	17.6
Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitor	5.9

Baseline characteristics reported as mean ± standard deviation or as a percentage. HbA1c, Hemoglobin A1c; CSII, Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion.

^aBaseline medication usage for only patients with diagnosis of type 2 diabetes during 1 year pre-CSII.

Table 2. Satisfaction survey results.

	Response (n = 25)
Insulin pump satisfaction questions
1. I felt in control of low blood sugars with insulin injections	2 (2.00–3.00)
2. I felt in control of high blood sugars with insulin injections	2 (2.00–3.00)
3. I feel in control of low blood sugars with my pump	4 (4.00–5.00)
4. I feel in control of high blood sugars with my pump	4 (4.00–5.00)
5. My daily activities, such as work or exercise, were affected with injections	4 (2.75–4.00)
6. My daily activities, such as work or exercise, are now affected with my pump	3 (2.00–4.00)
7. I felt comfortable making dosage changes to my insulin with injections	2 (2.00–4.00)
8. I feel comfortable making dosage changes to my insulin with my pump	4 (4.00–5.00)
9. Overall, I find my insulin pump to be more convenient than injections	5 (5.00–5.00)
10. Overall, I prefer my insulin pump over injections	5 (5.00–5.00)
11. I would recommend an insulin pump to others	5 (5.00–5.00)
Pharmacist satisfaction survey questions
12. I felt confident in the ability of the pharmacist who trained me on my pump	5 (5.00–5.00)
13. I feel confident in the ability of the pharmacist adjusting my pump settings	5 (5.00–5.00)
14. I felt confident in the pharmacist’s knowledge of pump therapy	5 (5.00–5.00)
15. I would recommend working with a pharmacist to others considering a pump	5 (4.75–5.00)
16. I feel the expertise of pharmacists with medications and medication-related devices   (e.g., insulin pumps) make them an ideal provider to work with my physician when starting an insulin pump	5 (5.00–5.00)

Results reported as median (interquartile range); 1 = Strongly Disagree, 2 = Disagree, 3 = Neutral, 4 = Agree, 5 = Strongly Agree.