In-vitro anti-viral screening and cytotoxicity evaluation of copper-curcumin complex

Figures & data

Figure 1. UV-Spectral comparison of curcumin (cur) and curcumin-copper (Cur-Cu) complex.

Figure 2. IR spectra of (a) curcumin, (b) cupric acetate and (c) Cur-Cu.

Figure 3. Attachment of Cu(II) on curcumin.

Figure 4. NMR spectra of curcumin and Cur-Cu.

Table I. Antiviral activity and cell cytotoxicity profile.

HEL cell cultures
Compound	Minimum cytotoxic concentration^a (μg ml^‐1)	EC50^b (μg ml^‐1)
		Herpes simplex virus-1 (KOS)	Herpes simplex virus-2 (G)	Vaccinia virus	Vesicular stomatitis virus	Herpes simplex virus-1 TK^‐ KOS ACV^r
Cur-Cu	>4	> 4	> 4	> 4	> 4	> 4
Brivudin (μM)	> 250	0.03	96	4	> 250	22
Cidofovir (μM)	> 250	2	0.9	22	> 250	3
Acyclovir (μM)	> 250	0.08	0.2	> 250	> 250	29
Ganciclovir (μM)	> 100	0.03	0.03	> 100	> 100	4
HeLa cell cultures
Compound	Minimum cytotoxic concentration^a (μg ml^‐1)	EC50^b (μg ml^‐1)
		Vesicular stomatitis virus	Coxsackie virus B4	Respiratory syncytial virus
Cur-Cu	4	> 0.8	> 0.8	> 0.8
DS-5000	> 100	2	> 100	0.8
(S)-DHPA (μM)	> 250	> 250	> 250	> 250
Ribavirin (μM)	> 250	6	112	4
VeRo cell culture
Compound	Minimum cytotoxic concentration^a (μg ml^‐1)	Para-influenza-3 virus	EC50^b (μg ml^‐1)
			Reovirus-1	Sindbis virus	Coxsackie virus B4	Punta Toro virus
Cur-Cu	>4	≥ 4	> 4	> 4	> 4	> 4
DS-5000	> 100	> 100	> 100	> 100	> 100	> 100
(S)-DHPA (μM)	> 250	> 250	> 250	> 250	> 250	> 250
Ribavirin (μM)	> 250	50	146	> 250	50	50

^aCytotoxic concentration, as determined by measuring the cell viability with the colorimetric formazan-based MTS assay.

^bMinimum compound concentration that causes a microscopically detectable alteration of normal cell morphology.

Table II. Antiviral activity and Cell cytotoxicity profile.

CRFK cell cultures
Compound	CC50^a (μg ml^‐1)	EC50^b (μg ml^‐1)
		Feline corona virus (FIPV)			Feline herpes virus
BC-1	11.4	> 4			> 4
HHA	> 100	40.3			17.6
UDA	61.8	9.7			8.2
Ganciclovir (μM)	> 100	> 100			3.1
MDCK cell cultures
Compound	CC50^a	Minimum cytotoxic concentration^b	EC50^c (μg ml^‐1)
			Influenza A H1N1 subtype		Influenza A H3N2 subtype		Influenza B
			Visual CPE score	MTS	Visual CPE score	MTS	Visual CPE score	MTS
BC-1 μg ml^‐1	10.6	≥ 4	> 4	> 4	> 4	> 4	> 4	> 4
Oseltamivir carboxylate μM	> 100	> 100	0.8	2.0	9	8.6	34	20.2
Ribavirin μM	> 100	> 100	4	4.7	2	2.9	2	1.8
Amantadine μM	> 200	> 200	5	2.2	0.7	2.3	> 200	> 200
Rimantadine μM	> 200	> 200	> 200	> 200	0.4	0.6	> 200	> 200

^a50% Cytotoxic concentration, as determined by measuring the cell viability with the colorimetric formazan-based MTS assay.

^bMinimum compound concentration that causes a microscopically detectable alteration of normal cell morphology.

^c50% Effective concentration, or concentration producing 50% inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect, as determined by visual scoring of the CPE, or by measuring the cell viability with the colorimetric formazan-based MTS assay.