Biodegradable long circulating cellular carrier for antimalarial drug pyrimethamine

Figures & data

Table I. Effect of Pyrimethamine concentration on drug loading.

Formulation	Drug concentration (mg/ml)	Drug loading (%) M ± SD
Pyrimethamine loaded nanoerythrosomes	1.0	14.31 ± 1.2
	1.5	17.02 ± 0.9
	2.0	20.72 ± 0.7
	2.5	25.20 ± 1.3
	3.0	25.13 ± 1.4

Values represented as M ± SD (n = 3).

Figure 1. (A) Photomicrograph of normal erythrocytes. (B) Photomicrograph of erythrocytes ghosts. (C) Photomicrograph of SEM of drug loaded nanoerythrosomes.

Figure 2. Cumulative percentage of pyrimethamine released from free drug solution and pyrimethamine-loaded nanoerythrosomes.

Table II. Effect of aging on turbidity and sedimentation volume of pyrimethamine-loaded nanoerythrosomes.

Temperature	Time (hour)	% Relative turbidity M ± SD	Sedimentation volume
4 ± 1°C	0	100.0 ± 0.4	1
	12	101.2 ± 0.5^ns	1
	24	101.4 ± 0.5^ns	1
	48	102.4 ± 0.4*	1
	72	103.2 ± 0.6**	1
Room temperature	0	100.0 ± 0.8	1
	12	101.2 ± 1.2^ns	1
	24	102.4 ± 0.2^ns	1
	48	104.2 ± 0.6*	1
	72	106.2 ± 0.8**	1
37 ± 1°C	0	100.0 ± 0.6	1
	12	102.3 ± 1.6^ns	1
	24	103.2 ± 0.4^ns	1
	48	105.4 ± 1.8^ns	1
	72	107.2 ± 1.2*	1

Values represented as M ± SD (n = 2), *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 and ns = not significant compared to zero time for each respective temperature condition.

Table III. Effect of centrifugal force and turbulence shock on stability of drug-loaded nanoerythrosomes.

Centrifugal stress			Turbulence shock
Centrifugal stress (rpm)	Sedimentation volume M ± SD	Drug concentration (%) M ± SD	No. of passes	Drug concentration (%) M ± SD
2500	1	0.81 ± 0.06	5	0.354 ± 0.02
5000	1	1.62 ± 0.21	10	0.653 ± 0.04
7500	1	2.72 ± 0.03	15	0.882 ± 0.08

Values represented as mean ± SD (n = 3).

Figure 3. The blood plasma concentration of free drug solution and pyrimethamine-loaded nanoerythrosomes.

Figure 4. Tissue distribution of pyrimethamine loaded nanoerythrosomes at various time intervals (n = 3).

Table IV. Tissue distribution study of pyrimethamine and pyrimethamine-loaded nanoerythrosomes.

	Tissue drug concentration (μg/ml)
	After 1 hour		After 24 hours
Time Organ	Free drug pyrimethamine	Pyrimethamine-loaded nanoerythrosomes	Free drug pyrimethamine	Pyrimethamine-loaded nanoerythrosomes
Liver	12.82 ± 1.21	18.71 ± 2.20*	9.72 ± 0.82	14.18 ± 1.08*
Kidney	7.43 ± 0.84	3.74 ± 0.34**	5.63 ± 0.25	2.80 ± 0.85*
Spleen	8.74 ± 0.79	25.32 ± 2.06***	6.63 ± 0.42	19.19 ± 1.76***
Lung	0.90 ± 0.06	1.76 ± 0.08***	0.68 ± 0.02	1.33 ± 0.04***

Values represented as M ± SD (n = 3), *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 and ns = not significant compared to respective organs free drug concentration.