Hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier attenuates cerebral damage by improving tissue oxygen preload in a dog model of cardiopulmonary bypass

Figures & data

Figure 1. A schematic representation of the experimental protocol.

Figure 2. HBOC improved cortical tPO₂. Values are presented as the means ± SD (n = 3). tPO₂: tissue oxygen partial pressure.

Table I. The hemodynamic and blood gas parameters at baseline and during reperfusion.

		Reperfusion
	Baseline	30 min	60 min	90 min	120 min
T (^oC)
Sham	38.95 ± 0.07	34.45 ± 1.06	34.3 ± 0.57	34.4 ± 0.56	34.85 ± 0.92
Control	38.77 ± 1.21	33.97 ± 1.31	33.97 ± 1.11	34.03 ± 0.95	34.2 ± 0.8
HBOC	38.8 ± 0.14	33.45 ± 1.34	33.45 ± 0.92	33.55 ± 0.64	33.8 ± 0.57
HR (bpm)
Sham	139 ± 11	139 ± 10	145 ± 11	149 ± 11	142 ± 12
Control	142 ± 12	138 ± 13	135 ± 12	140 ± 13	138 ± 10
HBOC	140 ± 11	136 ± 13	137 ± 10	139 ± 11	136 ± 11
PaO2 (mmHg)
Sham	414.33 ± 56.11	372.17 ± 69.84	339.50 ± 74.81	352.83 ± 73.91	418.83 ± 61.81
Control	413.00 ± 59.28	302.50 ± 62.11	252.50 ± 58.89	256.00 ± 63.37	265.83 ± 78.98
HBOC	409.50 ± 61.83	329.50 ± 60.62*	288.17 ± 70.04*	292 ± 47.94*	294.50 ± 69.63*
PvO2 (mmHg)
Sham	34.50 ± 9.05	31.83 ± 10.50	38.00 ± 11.51	35.00 ± 16.14	37.17 ± 12.81
Control	34.50 ± 12.01	70.33 ± 23.43	63.67 ± 38.69	54.50 ± 20.57	58.83 ± 23.71
HBOC	36.83 ± 10.34	42.67 ± 12.94*	36.00 ± 13.16*	32.33 ± 16.31**	35.83 ± 19.26*
CVP (mmHg)
Sham	8.83 ± 0.80	9.00 ± 0.98	8.67 ± 0.91	8.33 ± 0.87	8.67 ± 0.79
Control	9.17 ± 0.82	9.75 ± 0.98	9.10 ± 0.96	9.33 ± 0.92	8.83 ± 0.86
HBOC	9.00 ± 0.98	9.75 ± 1.19	9.30 ± 1.13	9.00 ± 1.05	9.05 ± 0.93
PAP (mmHg)
Sham	17.00 ± 1.12	17.00 ± 1.99	17.07 ± 2.08	16.83 ± 1.72	16.67 ± 1.85
Control	17.17 ± 1.42	22.50 ± 2.37	23.50 ± 2.54	22.83 ± 1.87	23.67 ± 1.82
HBOC	16.83 ± 1.35	18.67 ± 2.40**	18.50 ± 2.52**	18.50 ± 1.91**	19.00 ± 1.93**
PAWP (mmHg)
Sham	11.33 ± 1.33	11.50 ± 1.15	11.17 ± 1.31	11.00 ± 1.33	11.03 ± 1.37
Control	11.50 ± 1.51	13.59 ± 1.17	14.50 ± 1.27	15.43 ± 1.37	15.33 ± 1.45
HBOC	12.17 ± 1.46	11.67 ± 1.16**	12.33 ± 1.25**	12.83 ± 1.31**	12.33 ± 1.41**

T, temperature; HR, heart rate; PaO₂, arterial O₂ partial pressure; PvO₂, venous O₂ partial pressure, CVP, central venous pressure; PAP, pulmonary arterial pressure; PAWP, pulmonary artery wedge pressure.

Values were reported as Mean ± SD (n = 6), *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01 versus the control group.

Figure 3. HBOC reduced the releases of NSE and S100β in both serum (A and B) and CSF (C and B). Values were expressed as the means ± SD (n = 6). *P < 0.05 and ***P < 0.001 vs. the control group. CSF: cerebrospinal fluid; NSE: neuron-specific enolase.

Figure 4. The linear regression analysis of the relationship between cortical tPO₂ and releases of NSE (A and C) and S100β (B and D) (n = 6). CSF: cerebrospinal fluid; NSE: neuron-specific enolase; tPO₂: tissue oxygen partial pressure.

Figure 5. The levels of TNF-α (A) and IL-1β (B) in serum before and after CPB. Values are presented as mean ± SD (n = 6). *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 versus the control group. CPB: cardiopulmonary bypass; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-α; IL-1β: interleukin-1β.