Enhanced skin delivery of aceclofenac via hydrogel-based solid lipid nanoparticles

Figures & data

Figure 1. Effect of stirring speed on particle size and PDI values represent mean ± SD (n = 3).

Figure 2. Effect of lipid concentration on particle size and PDI values represent mean ± SD (n = 3).

Table I. Optimized parameters of ACF-loaded SLN.

Parameters	SLN
Surface morphology	Spherical with slightly rough surface
Particle size	189 ± 9.2 nm
PDI	0.16 ± 0.02
Zeta Potential	− 32.5 ± 0.12 mV
% Entrapment efficiency	86.51 ± 2.46

Table II. Skin retention studies of different formulations (tape-stripping experiment).

Formulation	ACF in tape strip (μg/cm^2)	ACF in skin after tape stripped (μg/cm^2)
Simple hydrogel	8.71 ± 0.61	10.72 ± 0.42
SLN-loaded hydrogel	25.31 ± 4.80	22.33 ± 1.43

Figure 3. (A) TEM photograph of ACF-loaded SLN (X1,00,000). (B) SEM photograph of ACF-loaded SLN (bar 100 nm).

Figure 4. XRD of ACF-loaded SLN.

Figure 5. DSC curve of ACF-loaded SLN.

Table III. pH and spreadability of different hydrogels.

Formulation	Spreadability (cm^2)	pH
Simple hydrogel	6.7 ± 0.2	6.8 ± 0.02
SLN-loaded hydrogel	6.8 ± 0.3	6.8 ± 0.01

Figure 6. CLSM photograph of penetration of RR from SLN applied non-occlusively onto nude rat skin.

Figure 7. In vitro skin permeation profile of ACF from SLN. Values represent mean ± SD (n = 6).

Figure 8. Percentage edema inhibition by simple hydrogel and SLN-loaded gel Values represent mean ± SD (n = 6).