Budesonide-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles for pulmonary delivery: preparation, optimization, and aerodynamic behavior

Figures & data

Table 1. The training parameters used with INForm version 4.02 (Billingham, UK)

Network structure	No. of hidden layers	2
	No. of nodes in hidden layer	3
Backpropagation type		Angle Driven Learning
Backpropagation  parameters	Momentum factor	0.8
	Learning rate	0.7
Targets	Maximum iterations	1000
	MS error	0.0001
	Random seed	10,000
Smart stop	Minimum iterations	20
	Test error weighting	0.1
	Iteration overshoot	200
	Auto weight	On
	Smart stop enabled	On
Transfer function	Output	Asymmetric Sigmoid
	Hidden layer	Asymmetric Sigmoid

Table 2. The training and test data set used in ANNs modeling

Homogen time (min)	Amplitude (%)	Concentration (mg/ml)	Observed size (nm)	Predicted size (nm)
20	50	0.00	353	344
5	70	0.00	234	285
20	70	0.25	200	207
35	70	0.50	237	252
35	70	0.00	271	271
5	70	0.50	279	328
5	50	0.25	340	347
20	90	0.50	620	546
5	90	0.25	453	309
20	50	0.50	461	572
35	50	0.25	416	425
35	90	0.25	220	156
22	60	0.20	226	246
7	85	0.10	136	178
12	50	0.30	364	360
21	55	0.40	615	559
18	65	0.20	389	263
15	75	0.30	183	309
22	70	0.30	267	279
*20	90	0.00	169	147
*14	60	0.10	376	371

*The last two data show the test data.

Table 3. The unseen data sets utilized in ANNs modeling

Homogen time (min)	Amplitude (%)	Concentration (mg/ml)	Observed size (nm)	Predicted size (nm)
10	65	0.40	373	331
28	85	0.40	182	161
8	85	0.40	137	325
27	90	0.10	123	147
27	80	0.20	135	149
32	55	0.40	523	565

Figure 1. Twin Impinger apparatus.

Figure 2. 3D plots of SLNs size predicted by the ANNs model fixed at low, mid-range, and high values of the concentration.

Figure 3. 3D plots of SLNs size predicted by the ANNs model fixed at low, mid-range, and high values of the amplitude.

Figure 4. 3D plots of SLNs size predicted by the ANNs model fixed at low, mid-range, and high values of the homogen time.

Figure 5. SEM image of solid lipid nanoparticle.

Figure 6. The relationship between the cumulative release amount and time. Free BUDs and BUD-SLNs.

Table 4. Mean (SD) for FPF results of BUD-SLNs and commercial budesonide suspension

Samples	RD (µg)	FPF (%)
BUD-SLNs	819.53(16.92)	17.50(1.89)
Commercial budesonide suspension	866.60(27.10)	14.16(0.52)