Cu²⁺-attached pumice particles embedded composite cryogels for protein purification

Figures & data

Table I. Chemical composition of pumice.

Constituents	Percentage (wt. %)
SiO2	70.0–71.47
Al2O3	12.7–13.3
K2O	4.0–4.3
Na2O	3.2–3.5
Fe2O3	1.3–1.5
CaO	0.8–1.2
MgO	0.3–0.6
TiO2	0.2
MnO	0.1

Figure 1. SEM images of different cryogel structures. (A, B) Comparative representation of cryogels with and without pumice particles, respectively. (C, D) The cryogel walls built by micro pumice particles.

Figure 2. Effect of pH on adsorption of HSA; embedded Cu²⁺-APPs: 15 mg; HSA concentration: 0.25 mg/ml; flow rate: 1 ml/min; T: 25 °C.

Figure 3. Effect of concentration of HSA on adsorption; pH: 8.0; embedded Cu²⁺-APPs: 15 mg; flow rate: 1 ml/min; T: 25 °C.

Table II. Comparison of adsorption capacities of some different adsorbents for HSA.

Adsorbent	pH	Buffer type	Adsorption capacity	References
Cibacron blue immobilized  poly(glycidyl-methacrylate) nanobeads	7.4	10 mm pH 7.4 phosphate  buffer containing 1 M NaCl	1672 mg albumin/g adsorbent	Andaç 2015
Magnetic dye-affinity beads	5.0	0.1 M acetate	25.2 mg albumin/g adsorbent	Odabaşi 2011
HEMA-MAH particles embedded cryogel	7.0	20 mm phosphate	50.5 mg HIgG/g adsorbent	Baydemir and Odabaşi, 2013
p(HEMA)-RG cryogel disks	4.0	–	37.7 mg/g polymer	Tuzmen et al. 2015
mPHEMA-CB-nanospheres	5.0	–	2460 mg/g polymer	Gökay et al. 2015
In this study	8.0	20 mm phosphate	529.5 mg HSA/g beads	Alkan et al. 2009

Figure 4. Effect of flow rate on adsorption of HSA; pH 8.0; concentration of HSA: 0.25 mg/ml; embedded Cu²⁺-APPs: 15 mg; T: 25 °C.

Figure 5. Effect of ionic strength on adsorption of HSA; pH 8.0; concentration of HSA: 0.25 mg/ml; embedded Cu²⁺-APPs: 15 mg; T: 25 °C.

Figure 6. Effect of temperature on adsorption of HSA; pH 8.0; concentration of HSA: 0.25 mg/ml; embedded Cu²⁺-APPs: 15 mg; flow rate: 1 ml/min.

Figure 7. Plasma fractions at SDS/PAGE gel: lane 1 defines biomarker; lane 2 defines 1:10 diluted plasma before adsorption; lane 3 defines 1:10 diluted plasma after adsorption; lane 4 defines HSA desorbed. In each lane, there are equal amounts of samples.

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