Overall condition improvement in a rat model of nephrotic syndrome treated with CellCept nanoliposomes

Figures & data

Figure 1. TEM imaging of CellCept nanoliposome.

Figure 2. Particle size distribution and zeta potential of the liposomes.

Table 1. Particle size distribution and zeta potential of the liposomes

	Average particle size (nm)	Polydispersity index (PDI)	Zeta potential (mV)
CellCept nanoliposomes	351.3	0.386	−20.8 ± 9.78

Table 2. Changes in average particle size, potential, encapsulation efficiency, leakage rate and phospholipid content at different times

Group	Average particle size (nm)	Polydispersity index (PDI)	Zeta potential (mV)	Phospholipid content (%)	Drug leakage rate (%)
Blank liposomes
1d	323.2 ± 37.8	0.228	−27.1 ± 7.56	0.038 ± 0.005
15d	380.3 ± 82.6	0.339	−22.5 ± 6.99	0.025 ± 0.019
30d	398.8 ± 3.4	0.319	−24.9 ± 5.14	0.011 ± 0.022
60d	571.2 ± 41.5	0.446	−27.7 ± 7.25	0.014 ± 0.028
90d	563.1 ± 88.1	0.299	−24.5 ± 9.69	0.017 ± 0.006
CellCept nanoliposomes
1d	370.9 ± 17.2	0.231	−31.0 ± 10.1	0.027 ± 0.011	6.48 ± 0.17
15d	315.2 ± 40.1	0.239	−32.3 ± 9.78	0.035 ± 0.011	11.66 ± 0.56
30d	326.2 ± 34.1	0.318	−21.9 ± 6.78	0.005 ± 0.109	11.88 ± 0.47
60d	385.7 ± 22.4	0.337	−28.8 ± 6.39	0.003 ± 0.096	10.23 ± 0.89
90d	513.3 ± 71.6	0.324	−24.1 ± 9.84	0.002 ± 0.196	12.33 ± 0.65

Figure 3. Sustained-release curve.

Table 3. Comparison of the blood biochemical parameters between the three groups (n = 5, presented as the mean ± SEM)

Group	TP (g/L)	ALB (g/L)	TC (mmol/L)	TG (mmol/L)	BUN (mmol/L)	CR (μmol/L)
Control group	57.7 ± 1.0	19.3 ± 1.9	2.71 ± 2.12	0.65 ± 0.06	8.7 ± 2.4	45.6 ± 8.3
Free MMF-treated group	58.8 ± 9.8	23.3 ± 1.4	2.46 ± 0.40	0.51 ± 0.03	7.6 ± 2.6	44.2 ± 4.3
Liposome-encapsulated MMF-treated group	59.2 ± 3.1	27.8 ± 1.3	2.04 ± 1.51	0.40 ± 0.12	7.1 ± 4.1	43.1 ± 3.1

Table 4. Body weight, urine volume >24 h and urinary protein content in the three groups

Group	Body weight (g)	Urine volume in 24 h/mL	Urinary protein excretion over 24 h (mg d^−1)	CXC chemokine ligand 16 levels (ng mL^−1)
Control group	274.0 ± 11.0	10.0 ± 3.9	171.9 ± 1.3	0.40 ± 0.08
Free MMF-treated group	334.0 ± 12.0	11.8 ± 2.7	96.5 ± 1.7	0.37 ± 0.05
Liposome-encapsulated MMF-treated group	365.0 ± 9.0	13.2 ± 4.5	61.5 ± 1.1	0.35 ± 0.05

Figure 4. Renal tissue pathology results for the three groups (hematoxylin & eosin staining, 400×). (A) Free MMF-treated group; (B) control group; (C) liposome-encapsulated MMF-treated group; (D) free MMF-treated group; (E) control group; (F) liposome-encapsulated MMF-treated group.