Invasomes of isradipine for enhanced transdermal delivery against hypertension: formulation, characterization, and in vivo pharmacodynamic study

Figures & data

Figure 1. The chemical structure of isradipine.

Table 1. Formulation details and characterization of isradipine-loaded invasomes.

Formulations	Phospholipid 90G (% w/v)	Ethanol (% w/v)	β-citronellene (% w/v)	Particle size nm (n = 3)	Poly dispersity index	Entrapment efficiency (%)	Transdermal flux (μg/cm^2/h)
F1	1	10	0.1	200 ± 12	0.322 ± 0.002	84.14 ± 6.76	19.67 ± 0.11
F2	1	10	0.5	220 ± 24	0.210 ± 0.008	87.60 ± 7.56	18.79 ± 1.23
F3	2	10	0.1	194 ± 18	0.272 ± 0.062	88.46 ± 9.26	22.80 ± 2.10
F4	2	10	0.5	228 ± 23	0.333 ± 0.018	87.56 ± 7.21	19.16 ± 2.16
F5	3	10	0.1	207 ± 15	0.327 ± 0.026	86.46 ± 4.48	18.42 ± 0.15
F6	3	10	0.5	202.6 ± 20	0.291 ± 0.0024	80.2 ± 9.12	14.78 ± 0.17

Figure 2. (A) Transmission electron micrograph of isradipine-loaded invasomes (F3). (B) Size distribution of optimized (F3) invasomal formulation loaded with isradipine.

Figure 3. Confocal laser scanning micrographs after application of Rhodamine B-loaded invasomes system optical cross sections perpendicular to the rat skin surface.

Figure 4. Showing blood pressure lowering effect of applied isradipine-loaded invasomal transgel in DOCA induced hypertensive rats.