The effects of sintering temperature and duration on the flexural strength and grain size of zirconia

Figures & data

Table 1. Classification of the zirconia bar specimens to the groups according to sintering time.

Group	Material	Sintering temperature	Dwell time (min)	Total time
A	In-Coris ZI	1510 °C	120	8 h
B	In-Coris ZI	1540 °C	25	2 h
C	In-Coris ZI	1580 °C	10	10 min^a
D	In-Coris TZI	1510 °C	120	8 h
E	In-Coris TZI	1540 °C	25	2 h
F	In-Coris TZI	1580 °C	10	10 min*

^aApplied in pre-heated furnace while the others start from room temperature.

Table 2. Mean and standard deviations (SD) values of all tested groups.

Group	Mean (MPa)	sd
Group A	700.3^a	125.3
Group B	662.1^a	77.8
Group C	871.8^b	108.8
Group D	579.7^a	140.6
Group E	622.3^a	82.7
Group F	904.2^b	115.7

Letters rendered in superscripts represent a significant difference.

Figure 1. In-Coris ZI grain size after different sintering temperatures and times (15,000×): (A) 1510 °C with a dwell time of 120 min; (B) 1540  °C with a dwell time of 25 min; (C) 1580  °C with a dwell time of 10 min.

Figure 2. In-Coris TZI grain size after different sintering temperatures and times (15,000×): (A) 1510  °C with a dwell time of 120 min; (B) 1540  °C with a dwell time of 25 min; (C) 1580  °C with a dwell time of 10 min.

Figure 3. ICSD card for tetragonal phase for ZrO₂.

Figure 4. X-ray diffraction analysis of In-Coris ZI.

Figure 5. X-ray diffraction analysis of In-Coris TZI.