In vitro element release and biological aspects of base–metal alloys for metal-ceramic applications

Figures & data

Table 1. Trade name, manufacturer, batch number and composition of the investigated alloys given by the manufacturers.

1	Wirobond 280	BEGO	12221	Co 60.2, Cr 25, W 6.2, Mo 4.8, Si, Ga, Mn
2	Wirobond C	BEGO	2689	Co 63.3, Cr 24.8, W 5.3, Mo 5.1, Si, Fe, Ce
3	SolibondC-plus	YETI	–	Co 63, Cr 24, W 8.1, Mo 2.9, Nb 0.9, Si 1.1
4	Remanium secura	Dentaurum	274	Co 58, Cr 30, W 5.5, Mo 3, Si 1.5, Mn1.25
5	Remanium star	Dentaurum	475	Co 60.5, Cr 28, W 9, Nb, Si 1.5, Mn
6	Heraenium P	Heraeus Kulzer	12571	Co 59, Cr 25, W 10, Mo 4, Si 4, Mn 0.8
7	Heraenium Pw	Heraeus Kulzer	12202	Co 55.2, Cr 24, W 15, Si 1, Fe 4, Mn 0.8
8	U-gold	KA Rasmussen	899	Au 74, Ag 9, Pt 9, Cu 4.4, Zn 2, In 1.5, Ir 0.1
9	Albabond A	Heraeus Kulzer	88087	Ag 32.6, Pd 56.6, Zn 0.2, In 3.4, Ir 0.2, Sn 6.8, Ru 0.2
10	Wiron 99	BEGO	–	Cr 22.5, Mo 9.5, Nb, Si, Ni 65, Sn, Ce
11	Titan grad II	–	–	Ti 100
13	Wirobond LFC	BEGO	12437	Co 33, Cr 30, Mo 5, Si, Fe 29, Mn 1
14	IPS d-SIGN 30	Ivoclar Vivadent	S24141AG	Co 60.2, Cr 30.1, Mo, Nb 3.2,Fe, Ga 3.9, Si, Al, Li, B
15	Heraenium S	Heraeus Kulzer	275125	Cr 23, Mo 10, Si 2, Ni 62.9, Fe 1.5, Ce 0.6
16	Heraenium Sun	Heraeus Kulzer	Z073342	Co 43, Cr 23.45, W 2.5, Mo 2, Si 1, Fe 27, Mn 0.8
17	Remanium 2001	Remanium	250	Co 63, Cr 23, W 4.3, Mo 7.3, Si 1.6, Mn
18	Remanium Cse	Remanium	454	Co, Cr 26, Mo 11, Si 1.5, Ni 61, Fe, Ce
19	NPG	AalbaDent	–	Ni 4.3, Cu 80.7, Zn 2.7, Fe 3, Mn 1.7, Al 7.8

Table 2. The results from corrosion and immersion tests.

Alloy	Corrosion test	Elution test
1. Wirobond 280	0.2	0.1
2. Wirobond C	2.2	0.1
3. Solibond C-plus	5.0	0.1
4. Remanium secura	0.1	0.1
5. Remanium star	0.1	0.1
6. Heraenium P	0.1	0.1
7. Heraenium Pw	0.5	0.1
8. U-gold	0.1	0.1
9. Albabond	0.1	0.1
10. Wiron 99	0.3	0.1
11. Titan	*	*
12. Copper control	310	–
12. Copper control	348	–
13. Wirobond LFC	0.9	0.2
14. IPS d.SIGN 30	2.5	0.1
15. Heraenium S	2.2	0.1
16. Heraenium Sun	1.3	0.1
17. Remanium 2001	0.1	0.3
18. Remanium Cse	0.2	0.1
19. NPG	329	1.3

For the corrosions test, the test specimens were placed in 0.1 mol/l NaCl + 0.1 mol/lactic acid (pH 2.3) and in minimum essential cell culture medium for the elution tests. Released ions in ^g/cm² per 7 days.

*Below detection limit

Figure 1. Results from MTT test after incubation of the alloys in MEM for 24 hours. Pure copper served as control and was rated moderately cytotoxic according to the cell viability of 50.1 and 47.6%. As seen from the mean value from all tests, none of the remaining alloys were rated cytotoxic.

Figure 2. Alloys incubated in lactic acid for 7 days followed by MTT assay, the corrosion MTT. The copper alloy NPG and pure copper were rated severely cytotoxic.