Annual cost of relapses and relapse-related hospitalizations in adults with schizophrenia: results from a 12-month, double-blind, comparative study of lurasidone vs quetiapine extended-release

Figures & data

Figure 1. Model structure.

Table 1. Observed relapse-related hospitalization rates and relapse rates15.

	Lurasidone	Quetiapine XR	Hazard ratio (95% CI)
All subjects (base case)
Mean relapse-related hospitalization rate (SE)	7.3% (2.1%)	17.6% (4.1%)	0.404 (0.189, 0.909)
Mean relapse rate (SE)	19.9% (3.3%)	28.2% (4.9%)	0.660 (0.381, 1.143)
Responders only (secondary analysis)
Mean relapse-related hospitalization rate (SE)	7.2% (2.2%)	16.5% (4.2%)	0.433 (0.188, 0.995)
Mean relapse rate (SE)	20.9% (3.4%)	26.6% (5.0%)	0.748 (0.421, 1.326)

CI, Confidence Interval; SE, standard error.

Table 2. Cost inputs in 2011 USD8,17.

	Relapsing patients (n = 310)			Non-relapsing patients (n = 1247)
Parameter	Mean	SD	SE*	Mean	SD	SE*
Medications	$8,612	$5,810	$330	$7,035	$5,862	$166
Psychiatric hospitalizations	$29,430	$74,033	$4,205	$1,609	$9,766	$277
Day treatment	$2,769	$6,051	$344	$2,303	$5,600	$159
Emergency services	$253	$413	$23	$98	$255	$7
Psychosocial group therapy	$2,350	$4,667	$265	$2,231	$4,793	$136
Medication management	$2,190	$2,541	$144	$1,716	$1,871	$53
Outpatient individual therapy	$3,030	$3,896	$221	$1,659	$2,355	$67
ACT/case management	$2,144	$1,505	$85	$1,383	$1,411	$40

*Standard errors were calculated based on the standard deviation and sample size.

ACT, assertive community treatment; SD, standard deviation; SE, standard error; USD, United States dollars.

Figure 2. Mental healthcare-related estimated direct costs per patient per year (all subjects/relapse-related hospitalization rates). * Using relapse-related hospitalization rates to estimate costs of psychiatric hospitalizations. ACT, assertive community treatment; error bars represent the 95% confidence interval for each value.

Figure 3. Mental healthcare-related estimated direct costs per patient per year (clinical responders/relapse-related hospitalization rates). * Using relapse-related hospitalization rates to estimate costs of psychiatric hospitalizations. ACT, assertive community treatment; error bars represent the 95% confidence interval for each value.

Figure 4. Univariate sensitivity analysis (all subjects/relapse-related hospitalization rates) using relapse-related hospitalization rates to estimate costs of psychiatric hospitalizations. Note, the output of the one-way sensitivity analysis is depicted as a tornado diagram, in which the width of the arms represents the influence of that parameter on the model results, while holding all other parameters constant.

Figure 5. Univariate sensitivity analysis (clinical responders/relapse-related hospitalization rates) using relapse-related hospitalization rates to estimate costs of psychiatric hospitalizations. Note, the output of the one-way sensitivity analysis is depicted as a tornado diagram, in which the width of the arms represents the influence of that parameter on the model results, while holding all other parameters constant.

Stahl SM, Cucchiaro J, Simonelli D, et al. Effectiveness of lurasidone for patients with schizophrenia following 6 weeks of acute treatment with lurasidone, olanzapine, or placebo: a 6-month, open-label, extension study. J Clin Psychiatry. 2013;74:507-15

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