Reduction in hospital costs and resource consumption associated with the use of advanced topical hemostats during inpatient procedures

Figures & data

Table 1. Patient characteristics by procedure type.

	Brain/cerebral operations					Cardiovascular					Carotid endarterectomy
	Surgicel Original		Surgicel Advanced		SD*	Surgicel Original		Surgicel Advanced		SD*	Surgicel Original		Surgicel Advanced		SD*
	n	%	n	%		n	%	n	%		n	%	n	%
	758		758			3388		3388			2041		2041
Demographics
Age (mean years)	56.6		57.8		0.07	65.5		65.9		0.04	71.8		70.8		−0.11
Male	463	61%	426	56%	−0.10	2139	63%	2226	66%	0.05	1176	58%	1179	58%	0.00
Ethnicity
Caucasian	547	72%	539	71%	−0.02	2478	73%	2615	77%	0.09	1723	84%	1804	88%	0.12
African American	83	11%	93	12%	0.04	462	14%	391	12%	−0.06	111	5%	113	6%	0.00
Hispanic	11	1%	5	1%	−0.08	13	0%	10	0%	−0.02	1	0%	0	0%	−0.03
Other	117	15%	121	16%	0.01	435	13%	372	11%	−0.06	206	10%	124	6%	−0.15
Comorbidities
AIDS	–	–	–	–	–	2	<1%	0	0%	−0.03	–	–	–	–	–
Any malignancy	194	26%	209	28%	0.04	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Chronic pulmonary dis.	–	–	–	–	–	1084	32%	1081	32%	0.00	540	26%	512	25%	−0.03
Congestive heart failure	–	–	–	–	–	1042	31%	952	28%	−0.06	–	–	–	–	–
Hemiplegia or paraplegia	–	–	–	–	–	24	1%	17	1%	−0.03	–	–	–	–	–
Hypertension	–	–	–	–	–	2655	78%	2679	79%	0.02	1666	82%	1695	83%	0.04
Liver disease	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Metastatic solid tumor	–	–	–	–	–	4	<1%	0	0%	−0.05	–	–	–	–	–
Obesity	89	12%	62	8%	−0.12	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Renal dialysis	–	–	–	–	–	667	20%	576	17%	−0.07	74	4%	61	3%	−0.04
Hospital characteristics
Census region
Northeast	90	12%	88	12%	−0.01	436	13%	438	13%	0.00	75	4%	95	5%	0.05
Midwest	102	13%	113	15%	0.04	715	21%	802	24%	0.06	451	22%	494	24%	0.05
South	444	59%	448	59%	0.01	1867	55%	1601	47%	−0.16	1334	65%	1328	65%	−0.01
West	122	16%	109	14%	−0.05	370	11%	547	16%	0.15	181	9%	124	6%	0.11
Bed size
<200	14	2%	12	2%	−0.02	84	2%	65	2%	−0.04	110	5%	104	5%	−0.01
200–400	202	27%	295	39%	0.26	1389	41%	1664	49%	0.16	1201	59%	1091	53%	−0.11
>400	542	72%	451	59%	−0.25	1915	57%	1659	49%	−0.15	730	36%	846	41%	0.12
Affiliation
Teaching	350	46%	356	47%	0.02	1612	48%	1338	39%	−0.16	646	32%	631	31%	−0.02
Non-teaching	408	54%	402	53%	−0.02	1776	52%	2050	61%	0.16	1395	68%	1410	69%	0.02
Location
Urban	–	–	–	–	–	3067	91%	3029	89%	−0.04	1686	83%	1691	83%	0.01
Rural	–	–	–	–	–	321	9%	359	11%	0.04	355	17%	350	17%	−0.01

*The ‘–’ indicates that the propensity score matching process did not incorporate that characteristic.

Figure 1. Mean length of stay per discharge for the Surgicel Original and Advanced cohorts by procedure type. All differences statistically significant at the p < 0.02 level; p-values assessed with non-parametric Wilcoxon signed rank sum test.

Figure 2. Mean all-cause costs per discharge for the Surgicel Original and Advanced cohorts by procedure type. All differences statistically significant at the p < 0.001 level; p-values assessed with paired t-tests.

Table 2. ICU-related days and costs for the Surgicel Original and Advanced cohorts by procedure type.

	Brain/cerebral	Cardiovascular	CEA
n (% of cohort sample)
Original	700 (92%)	2651 (78%)	1492 (73%)
Advanced	678 (89%)	2763 (82%)	1226 (60%)
Mean ICU days
Original	5.9	5.5	1.6
Advanced	4.8	4.9	1.7
p-value*	0.017	0.743	0.666
Mean ICU costs
Original	$10,796	$9570	$2491
Advanced	$8,649	$7794	$2344
p-value**	0.002	<0.001	0.169

*p-value assessed with non-parametric Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test.

**p-value assessed with unpaired t-test.

Table 3. Transfusion units and costs for the Surgicel Original and Advanced cohorts with cardiovascular procedures.

	Original	Advanced products	% Difference (p-value)
n	111	176	N/A
Mean units of transfused blood per discharge*	5.15	3.95	23% (0.639)
Mean cost of transfused blood per discharge**	$1102	$678	38% (0.029)

*p-value assessed with χ² test.

**p-value assessed with Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test.

Figure 3. Mean units per discharge of Surgicel Original and Advanced use by procedure type. *Differences statistically significant at the p < 0.001 level. **Not statistically different; p-values assessed with non-parametric Wilcoxon signed rank sum test.