Total Diesel Exhaust Particulate Length Measurements Using a Modified Household Smoke Alarm Ionization Chamber

Figures & data

Figure 1. Experimental ionization chamber diagram.

Figure 2. Exhaust sampling and measurement setup.

Figure 3. Comparison of PM emissions measured by the ionization chamber (in arbitrary units) with gravimetric measurement at steady-state engine operation on diesel fuel at various speeds and loads.

Figure 4. PM size distribution measured by SMPS and CPC during operation on diesel fuel at idle and at various loads.

Figure 5. Comparison of total PM length measured by SMPS and CPC during steady-state engine operation on diesel fuel at various speeds and loads with the ionization chamber response.

Figure 6. Comparison of PM emissions measured by the ionization chamber (in arbitrary units) with gravimetric measurement at steady-state engine operation on diesel fuel and on heated fuel-grade rapeseed oil at various speeds and loads.

Figure 7. Comparison of total PM length measured by EEPS with the ionization chamber response during a sequence of steady-state operating points run on diesel fuel and heated fuel-grade rapeseed oil with and without a DPF.

Figure 8. Comparison of PM emissions measured by the ionization chamber (in arbitrary units) with total PM length calculated from EEPS measurements during operation on diesel fuel without and with a DPF.

Table 1. Correlation of the second-by-second signal of the ionization chamber signal with EEPS measurements— operation without DPF

Correlation (R^2) of Second-by-Second Signal of the Ionization Chamber with EEPS	Diesel Fuel	Oil Rapeseed
Total particle number	0.647	0.341
Total particle length	0.974	0.843
Total surface area	0.870	0.170
Total volume	0.818	0.051

Figure 9. Comparison of PM emissions measured by the ionization chamber (in arbitrary units) with total PM length calculated from EEPS measurements during operation on heated rapeseed oil without and with a DPF.

Figure 10. Comparison of PM emissions measured by the ionization chamber (in arbitrary units) with total PM length calculated from EEPS measurements—all tests.

Figure 11. Comparison of PM emissions measured by the ionization chamber (in arbitrary units) with particle number concentration in the 100-nm size range during the ETC transient cycle.

Figure 12. PM emissions measured by the ionization chamber (in arbitrary units) during an urban and suburban operation of a Euro 4 Renault traffic van with a 2-L Common Rail turbodiesel engine plotted with (a) vehicle speed and (b) CO₂ and PM mass concentrations.