The Reduction of Dioxin Emissions from the Processes of Heat and Power Generation

Figures & data

Figure 1. A simplified scheme of pollutant generation in the process of flammable substance combustion or incineration (fuel, waste, etc.).

Table 1. Typical concentrations PCDD/Fs in flue gases and the emission indicators for energetic boilers of medium-capacity municipal heat and power plants.118

Concentration PCDD/Fs in Flue gases (ng TEQ/m^3)	Mass of Combusted Coal (Mg/hr)	Flue Gas Stream (m^3/hr)	Coefficient of Emission of PCDD/Fs (μg TEQ/Mg of coal)
Fluidized bed boilers
0.0012	16	330,000	0.025
0.0015	9	200,000	0.033
Boilers with a dust hearth
0.0012	28	400,000	0.020
0.0020	35	750,000	0.040
0.0025	20	385,000	0.050
0.0032	85	900,000	0.035
Boilers with a grate hearth
0.0010	17	388,000	0.025
0.0014	30	650,000	0.030
0.0022	12	360,000	0.070
0.0042	5	120,000	0.100

Table 2. Changes in emissions of PCDD/Fs from particular economy sectors in Poland in the years 1996 –2005 (g I-TEQ/yr)

Emission Source	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006
Fuel combustion in the power industry	11.97	23.71	11.77	9.38	7.20	7.37	7.21	7.36	7.29	7.25	8.73
Residential combustion	232.97	199.78	169.42	174.64	227.67	207.17	200.64	188.77	189.03	204.21	201.29
Combustion in industry	3.27	4.80	4.50	5.33	50.14	44.99	45.74	31.33	37.60	33.63	37.99
Production processes	77.18	83.28	68.94	60.68	34.07	33.08	31.81	14.01	16.40	14.88	17.70
Road transport	1.06	1.38	0.92	0.58	1.45	0.88	0.64	0.63	0.64	0.63	0.67
Other vehicles and machines	–	–	–	–	0.21	0.06	0.08	0.07	0.07	0.08	0.11
Waste management	39.76	24.80	34.80	34.80	12.69	41.09	35.58	32.32	25.12	44.03	71.04
Agriculture	–	–	–	–	–	0.61	0.64	1.97	0.71	0.65	0.52
Other	–	–	–	–	–	112.24	111.03	205.94	110.14	111.00	111.20
Total	366.21	337.74	290.35	285.41	333.43	447.49	433.37	482.40	387.00	416.36	449.26
Notes: I-TEQ = international toxic equivalents.

Table 3. Fraction (as % of total) of particular economy sectors in the total emission of PCDD/Fs in chosen EU countries and in Poland in 2002 (according to the European Dioxin Inventory1)

Emission Source	Belgium	Germany	France	Sweden	Great Britain	Spain	Italy	Poland
Fuel combustion in the power industry	0.56	1.06	0.21	1.02	3.08	1.22	2.34	3.29
Residential combustion	24.69	27.98	38.38	55.83	20.28	33.19	20.72	61.19
Combustion in industry	21.10	2.12	0.34	7.87	2.65	1.74	1.10	1.87
Production processes	22.56	27.89	23.32	8.79	21.08	14.61	20.92	21.26
Road transport	0.49	0.85	1.58	1.43	1.54	3.45	2.54	0.20
Waste management	26.51	7.52	24.70	7.87	34.45	22.89	41.47	12.19
Other	4.10	32.58	11.47	17.18	16.91	22.89	10.91	0.00