The neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects of psychotropic agents

Figures & data

Figure 1. Intracellular signaling pathways targeted by psychotropic agents. The MAPK/ERK, PI3K, and Wnt/GSK3 signaling cascades. Psychotropic agents such as mood stabilizers, antidepressants, and antipsychotics target these signaling cascades. Targets reported to be regulated by antidepressants, antipsychotics, mood stabilizers (red), or multiple types of treatments (orange) are highlighted. Molecules in blue are critical constituents of the selected pathways that have not been found to be affected by any of the treatments discussed in this review. Arrowheads indicate activation; circles indicate inhibition. Akt, serine/threonine protein kinase AKT; BAG-1, Bcl-2 associated athanogene; Bcl-2, B-cell lymphoma 2; BDNF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor; CREB, cAMP response element binding; ERK, extracellular regulated kinase; GSK-3, glycogen synthase kinase 3; HDAC, histone deacetylase; PI3K, phosphatidylinosito! 3 kinase; TrkB, neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor, type 2; Ras, resistance to audiogenic seizures; Raf, RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase; RSK, ribosomal protein S6 kinase, 90kDa; MEK or Map2k1 , mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1; CBP; CREB binding protein; RNA POLII, RNA polymerase II; HAT, histone acetyltransferase; PDK, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase; APP-AB, amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein; Wnt, wingless