Hormone treatment of depression

Figures & data

Table I. Antidepressant effect of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH).

Table II. T3 acceleration of antidepressant response

Table III. T3 augmentation of antidepressants

Table IV. T3 Enhancement of antidepressants.

Table V. Antidepressant augmentation with T4. T3, tri-iodothyronine; T4, thyroxine; RCT, randomized controlled trial; SSRI, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor

Table VI. Testosterone treatment of depression

Table VII. Melatonin treatment of depression

Prange AJJr.WilsonIC.RaybonAM.LiptonM.Enhancement of the imipramine antidepressant activity by thyroid hormone.Am J Psychiatry.19691264574654185164

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

WilsonIC.Prange AJJr.McClaneTK.RabonAM.LiptonMA.Thyroid hormone enhancement of imipramine in non-retarded depression.N Engl J Med.1970282106310674908885

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

CoppenA.WhybrowPC.NogueraR.MaggsR.Prange AJJr.Comparative antidepressant value of L-tryptophan and imipramine with and without attempted potentiation by liothyronine.Arch Gen Psychiatry.1972262342414551048

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

FeighnerJ.KingLJ.SchuckitMA.CroughanJ.BriscoeW.Hormonal potentiation of imipramine and ECT in primary depression.Am J Psychiatry.1972128123012384552204

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

WheatleyD.Potentiation of amitriptyline by thyroid hormone.Arch Gen Psychiatry.197226129

 Web of Science ®Google Scholar

WilsonIC.Prange AJJr.McLeanTK.RabonAM.LiptonM.Thyroid hormone enhancement of imipramine in non-retarded depressions.N Engl J Med.19792821653

 Google Scholar

EarleBV.Thyroid hormone and tricyclic antidepressants in resistant depression.Am J Psychiatry.1970126166716695443652

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

OguraC.OkumaT.UchidaY.ImiS.YogiH.Combined thyroid (triiodothyronine) tricyclic antidepressant treatment in depressive states.Folia Psychiatr Neurol JPN.1974281791864435675

 PubMedGoogle Scholar

BankiCM.Triiodothyronine in the treatment of depression.Orv Hetil.1975116254325471187135

 PubMedGoogle Scholar

BankiCM.Cerebrospinal fluid amine metabolytes after combined amitriptyline-tricyclic-thyronine treatment of depressed women.Eur J Clin Pharmacol.197711511515

 Web of Science ®Google Scholar

TsutsuiS.YamazakiYNabaT.TsushimaN.Combined therapy of T3 and antidepressants in depression.J Int Med Res.197971138146113269

 PubMedGoogle Scholar

GoodwinFK.PrangeAJ.PostRM.MuscettolaJ.LiptonMA.Potentiation of antidepressant effects by l-triiodothyronine and tricyclic non-responders.Am J Psychiatry.1982139154

 Web of Science ®Google Scholar

SchwarczG.HalarisA.BaxterL.EscobarJ.ThompsonM.YoungM.Normal thyroid function in zipromine non-responders converted to responders by the addition of l-triiodothyronine.Am J Psychiatry.1984141161416166439059

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

GitlinMJ.VinerH.FairbanksL.HershmanM.FerifeldN.Failure of T3 to potentiate tricyclic antidepressant response.J Affect Disord.1987132672722960719

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

ThaseME.KupferDG.JarretDB.Treatment of imipramine resistant recurrent depression: I. An open clinical trial of adjunctive l-triiodothyronine.J Clin Psychiatry.1989503853882676995

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

JoffeRT.SingerW.A comparison of triiodothyronine and thyroxine in the potentiation of tricyclic antidepressants.Psychiatry Res.1990322412512201988

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

JoffeRT.SingerW.LevittAJ.McDonaldC.A placebo-controlled comparison of lithium and triiodothyronine augmentation of tricyclic antidepressants in unipolar refractory depression.Arch Gen Psychiatry.1993503873918489327

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

BirkenhägerTK.VegtM.NolenWA.An open study of triiodothyronine augmentation of tricyclic antidepressants in inpatients with refractory depression.Pharmacopsychiatry.199712326

 Google Scholar

AgidO.LererB.Algorithm-based treatment of major depression in an outpatient seelinic: clinical correlates of response to a specific serotonin reuptake inhibitor and to triiodothyronine augmentation.Int J Neuropsychopharmacol.20036414912899735

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

AppelhofBC.BrouwerJP.van DyckR.et alTriiodothyronine addition to paroxetine in the treatment of major depressive disorder.J Clin Endocrinol Metab.2004896271627615579788

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Cooper-KazazAre.ApterJT.CohenR.et alCombined treatment with sertraline and liothyronine in major depression: a randomized, doubleblind, placebo-controlled trial.Arch Gen Psychiatry.20076467968817548749

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

PosternakM.NovakS.SternR.et alA pilot effectiveness study: placebo-controlled trial of adjunctive L-triiodothyronine (T3) used to accelerate and potentiate the antidepressant response.Int J Neuropsychopharmacol.200811152517352847

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

BauerMS.HellwegR.GrafKJ.BaungartnerA.Treatment of refractory depression with high-dose of thyroxine.Neuropsychopharmacology.1998184444489571653

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

SpoovJ.LahdelmaI.Should thyroid augmentation proceed lithium augmentation? A pilot study.J Affect Disord.1998492352419629954

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

RudasAS.SchmitzM.PichlerP.BaungartnerA.Treatment of refractory chronic depression and dysthymia with high-dose thyroxine.Biol Psychiatry.1999452292359951571

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

LojkoD.RybakowskiJK.L-thyroxine augmentation of sertonergic antidepressants in female patients with refractory depression.J Affect Disrod.200710323256

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

SeidmanSN.RabkinJG.Testosterone replacement therapy for hypogonadal men with SSRI-refractory depression.J Affect Disord.1998481571619543205

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

SeidmanSN.SpatzE.RizzoC.RooseSP.Testosterone replacement therapy for hypogonadal men with major depressive disorder: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial.J Clin Psychiatry.20016240641211465516

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

PerryPJ.YatesWR.WilliamsRD.et alTestosterone therapy in late-life major depression in males.J Clin Psychiatry.2002631096110112523867

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Pope HGJr.CohaneGH.KanayamaG.SiegelAJ.HudsonJI.Testosterone gel supplementation for men with refractory depression: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.Am J Psychiatry.200316010511112505808

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

OrengoCA.FullertonL.KunikME.Safety and efficacy of testosterone gel 1% augmentation in depressed men with partial response to antidepressant therapy.J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol.200518202415681624

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

SeidmanSN.MiyazakiM.RooseSP.Intramuscular testosterone supplementation to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor in treatment-resistant depressed men: randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial.J Clin Psychopharmacol.20052558458816282843

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

SeidmanSN.OrrG.RavivG.et alEffects of testosterone replacement in middle-aged men with dysthymia: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial.J Clin Psychopharmacol.20092921622119440073

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

ShoresM.KivlahanDR.SadakTI.LiEJ.MatsumotoAM.A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of testosterone treatment in hypogonadal older men with subthreshold depression (dysthymia or minor depression).J Clin Psychiatry.2009701009101619653976

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

PopeHGAmiazRBrennanB.et alParallel-group placebo-controlled trial of testosterone gel in men with major depressive disorder displaying an incomplete response to standard antidepressant treatment.J Clin Psychopharmacol.20103012613420520285

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

CarmanJS.PostRM.BuswellR.GoodwinFK.Negative effects of melatonin on depression.Am J Psychiatry.197613311811186788529

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

De VriesMW.PeetersFPML.Melatonin as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of sleep disturbance in depression.J Nerv Ment Dis.19971852012029091602

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

FainsteinI.BonettoAJ.BruscoLI.CardinaliDP.Effects of melatonin in elderly patients with sleep disturbance: a pilot study.Curr Ther Res.1997589901000

 Web of Science ®Google Scholar

DolbergOT.HirschmannS.GrunhausL.Melatonin for the treatment of sleep disturbances in major depression.Am J Psychiatry.1998155111911219699707

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

DaltonEJ.RotondiD.LevitanRD.KennedySH.BrownGM.Use of slow release melatonin in treatment resistant depression.J Psychiatry Neurosci.200025485210721684

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

SerfatyMA.OsborneD.BuszewiczMJ.RavenPW.The effect of exogeneous melatonin in major depression.Chronobiol Int.20032011911192

 Google Scholar

BellipanniGFDIM.BlasiF.Di MarzoA.A Effects of melatonin in perimenopausal and menopausal women: our personal experience.Ann N Y Acad Sci.2005105739340216399909

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar