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Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience Volume 17, 2015 - Issue 3
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Translational Research

A systematic review of the neural bases of psychotherapy for anxiety and related disorders

Una revision sistemática de las bases neurales de la psicoterapia para la ansiedad y los trastornos relacionados

Étude méthodique des bases neuronales de la psychothérapie pour l'anxiété et les troubles apparentés

Samantha J. Brooksa UCT Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Grotte Schuur Hospital, Observatory, Cape Town, South AfricaCorrespondence[email protected]
&
Dan J. Steinb UCT Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Grotte Schuur Hospital, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa; MRC Unit on Anxiety & Stress Disorders, Cape Town, South Africa
Pages 261-279 | Published online: 01 Apr 2022

Figures & data

Figure 1. A schematic diagram summarizing the neural correlates of anxiety and related disorders. PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; PD, panic disorder; GAD, generalized anxiety disorder; SAD, social anxiety disorder; OCD, obsessive-compulsive disorder; SMC, sensory-motor cortex; ACC, anterior cingulate cortex; PFC, prefrontal cortex; OFC, orbitofrontal cortex; Thai, thalamus; Str, striatum; Am, amygdala; Hipp, hippocampus
Figure 1. A schematic diagram summarizing the neural correlates of anxiety and related disorders. PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; PD, panic disorder; GAD, generalized anxiety disorder; SAD, social anxiety disorder; OCD, obsessive-compulsive disorder; SMC, sensory-motor cortex; ACC, anterior cingulate cortex; PFC, prefrontal cortex; OFC, orbitofrontal cortex; Thai, thalamus; Str, striatum; Am, amygdala; Hipp, hippocampus

Table I FMRI studies of the neural correlates of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in anxiety and related disorders. RCT, randomized controlled trial; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; GAD, generalized anxiaety disorder; OFC, orbitofrontal cortex; VLPFC, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex

Figure 2. A schematic brain activation map demonstrating regional activation most altered by CBT in PTSD (red), PD (green), GAD (blue), SAD (yellow) and OCD (white). For demonstration purposes only and not accurate depiction of size of activation for each anxiety disorder. Colored regions represent areas of altered activation following a course of CBT. PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; PD, panic disorder; GAD, generalized anxiety disorder; SAD, social anxiety disorder; OCD, obsessive-compulsive disorder
Figure 2. A schematic brain activation map demonstrating regional activation most altered by CBT in PTSD (red), PD (green), GAD (blue), SAD (yellow) and OCD (white). For demonstration purposes only and not accurate depiction of size of activation for each anxiety disorder. Colored regions represent areas of altered activation following a course of CBT. PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; PD, panic disorder; GAD, generalized anxiety disorder; SAD, social anxiety disorder; OCD, obsessive-compulsive disorder
Figure 3. A schematic brain activation map demonstrating areas of pre-CBT treatment activation that predicts better outcome (eg, reduction of anxiety-related symptoms) in PTSD (red), PD (green), GAD (blue), SAD (yellow) and OCD (white). For demonstration purposes only and not accurate depiction of size of activation for each anxiety disorder. Colored regions represent areas of altered activation prior to CBT treatment that predicts improved outcome (eg, reduction of clinical symptoms). PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; PD, panic disorder; GAD, generalized anxiety disorder; SAD, social anxiety disorder; OCD, obsessive-compulsive disorder
Figure 3. A schematic brain activation map demonstrating areas of pre-CBT treatment activation that predicts better outcome (eg, reduction of anxiety-related symptoms) in PTSD (red), PD (green), GAD (blue), SAD (yellow) and OCD (white). For demonstration purposes only and not accurate depiction of size of activation for each anxiety disorder. Colored regions represent areas of altered activation prior to CBT treatment that predicts improved outcome (eg, reduction of clinical symptoms). PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; PD, panic disorder; GAD, generalized anxiety disorder; SAD, social anxiety disorder; OCD, obsessive-compulsive disorder

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