Music does not alter anxiety in patients with suspected lung cancer undergoing bronchoscopy: a randomised controlled trial

Figures & data

Fig. 1 In the study period 160 patients with pulmonary nodules were randomly assigned to either MusiCure or as control group. Nine patients dropped out after randomisation, leaving 78 participants to receive MusiCure and 73 patients in the control group.

Table 1 Comparison of STAI scores

	On admission			After 10 min with or without music, immediately bronchoscopy			On discharge
	Controls	Music	p	Controls	Music	p	Controls	Music	p
STAI-State	40 (19), N=70	37 (19), N=76	0.3	43 (25), N=70	35 (18), N=73	0.03*	31 (17), N=69	30 (13), N=71	0.5
STAI-Trait	32 (15), N=70	30 (10), N=75	0.3	–	–		34 (14), N=66	30 (12), N=68	0.02*

Data are expressed as median (interquartile range, IQR); STAI, Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory.

Table 2 Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) post- and pre-differences

	Change
Interval of STAI measurements	Controls	Music	p
STAI-Trait on admission STAI-Trait on discharge	0.5 (4.75)	0.0 (4.0)	0.5
STAI-State on admission STAI-State immediately before bronchoscopy: after 10 min with/without music	0.5 (5.5)	−1.0 (7.0)	0.05*
STAI-State on admission STAI-State on discharge	−6 (12.0)	−6 (12.0)	0.5
STAI-State immediately before bronchoscopy: after 10 min with/without music STAI-State on discharge	−6 (12.0)	−3 (9.25)	0.2

Data are expressed as median (interquartile range, IQR).

Table 3 Linear model of predictors of STAI-State immediately before bronchoscopy, with 95% bias corrected and accelerated confidence intervals reported in parentheses

	b	SE B	β	p
Model 1
Constant	41.26 (37.95 to 44.56)	1.67		<0.0001*
Group	−5.31 (−9.94 to −0.68)	2.34	−0.19	0.025*
Model 2
Constant	0.81 (−3.45 to 5.08)	2.16		0.706
Group	−1.17 (−3.09 to 0.76)	0.98	−0.04	0.234
STAI-State at arrival	0.87 (0.77 to 0.96)	0.05	0.80	<0.0001*
STAI-Trait at arrival	0.17 (0.07 to 0.28)	0.05	0.13	0.001*
Gender	−2.38 (−4.41 to −0.35)	1.03	−0.09	0.022*

Model 1: N=143, R ²=0.04; Model 2: N=136, R ²=0.84.

Fig. 2 Patients’ overall perception of the sounds in connection with the procedure. The horizontal lines represent the median within the group.

Table 4 Baseline characteristics

	All	Controls	Music	p
N (female/male)	151 (73/78)	73 (37/36)	78 (36/42)	0.6
Age in years^a	63.7 (11.6)	64.5 (11.6)	63.0 (11.7)	0.5
Height in cm^a	172.4 (9.3)	172.5 (9.7)	172.3 (8.9)	0.9
Weight in kg^a	76.0 (18.9)	76.6 (20.9)	75.5 (16.8)	0.7
BMI^a	25.4 (5.4)	25.5 (5.7)	25.4 (5.1)	0.9
FEV1 percent of predicted^a	75.0 (22.3)	74.0 (23.0)	76.0 (21.8)	0.6
FEV1/FVC ratio^a	68.4 (12.1)	67.6 (12.6)	69.2 (11.6)	0.4
First examination/re-examination	135/16	68/5	67/11	0.1
Systolic blood pressure^a	139 (23)	142 (25)	135 (20)	0.1
Diastolic blood pressure^a	82 (13)	82 (14)	81 (13)	0.5
Mean arterial pressure^b	100 (18)	98 (17)	100 (18)	0.6
Heart rate^a	77 (14)	78 (12)	75 (15)	0.2
Plasma cortisol^b (nmol/L)	343 (152)	356 (139)	337 (168, 5)	0.3
Baseline anxiety
State^b	39 (20)	40 (19)	37 (19)	0.3
Trait^b	31 (13)	32 (15)	30 (10)	0.3

^aData are expressed as mean (SD); ^bdata are expressed as median (interquartile range, IQR).