Creating trauma-informed correctional care: a balance of goals and environment

Figures & data

Table

Females and Trauma	Males and Trauma
• Typical trauma: childhood sexual abuse	• Typical trauma: witnessing violence
• More likely to develop PTSD when exposed to violence	• More likely to be exposed to violence, but less likely to develop PTSD
• Repeated exposure to sexual and violent victimization from intimates beginning in childhood	• Exposure to violence from strangers and adversaries; sexual abuse and coercion outside family
• Internalizing: self-harm, eating disorders, addiction, avoidance	• Externalizing: violence, substance abuse, crime and hyper-arousal
• Likely to get mental health treatment rather than substance abuse treatment	• Likely to get substance abuse treatment rather than mental health treatment
• Treatment needs to emphasize empowerment, emotion regulation and safety	• Treatment needs to emphasize feelings, relationships and empathy