PTSD and re-offending risk: the mediating role of worry and a negative perception of other people's support

Figures & data

Table 1 Demographic characteristics of the sample

	Males		Females		Total
	N	%	N	%	N	%
Marital status
Married	3	12.0	9	18.0	12	16.0
Single	11	44.0	31	62.0	42	56.0
Divorced	9	36.0	6	12.0	15	20.0
Missing	2	8.0	4	8.0	6	8.0
Education
Elementary school	1	4.0	8	16.0	9	12.0
Secondary school	14	56.0	35	70.0	49	65.3
High school	6	24.0	6	12.0	12	16.0
Graduate degree	2	8.0	–	–	2	2.7
Missing	2	8.0	1	2.0	3	4.0

Table 2 Frequency of prisoners with high re-offending risk as measured by IORNS

Re-offending risk	Total N (%)	Females N (%)	Males N (%)
Above cut-off	23 (30.7)	6 (24.0)	17 (34.0)
Under cut-off	52 (69.3)	19 (76.0)	33 (66.0)
Total	75	25	33

N=75; IORNS: Inventory of Offender Risks, Needs and Strengths.

Table 3 Pearson correlations between PTSD symptoms, and re-offending risk

	IORNS SRI r	IORNS DRI r	IORNS PSI r	IORNS TOT r
LASC severity	.22	.40**	−.16	.33
LASC global	.25	.56**	−.34*	.52**
LASC B “re-experiencing”	.09	.29	−.18	.21
LASC C “avoidance”	.25	.46**	−.11	.43**
LASC D “hyperarousal”	.15	.28	−.11	.23

N=75; LASC: Los Angeles Symptoms Checklist; IORNS: Inventory of Offender Risks, Needs and Strengths; PTSD: posttraumatic stress disorder; SRI: Static Risk Index;

* p<.05

** p<.01; α corrected with a Bonferroni test=.003.

Table 4 Pearson correlations between PTSD symptoms and worry and negative social support

	PSWQ	Negative social support
LASC severity	.57**	.42**
LASC global	.58**	.48**
LASC B “re-experiencing”	.47**	.47**
LASC C “avoidance”	.34	.34
LASC D “hyperarousal”	.55**	.41**
Perceived negative social support	.07	−

N=75; LASC: Los Angeles Symptoms Checklist; PSWQ: Penn State Worry Questionnaire; PTSD: posttraumatic stress disorder;

** p<.01; α corrected with a Bonferroni test=.003.

Table 5 Indirect effects of worry and negative social support on dynamic re-offending risk

Mediator	Estimate (SE)	Z	95% confidence lower interval	95% confidence upper interval
Worry	.06 (.04)	1.26	− .02	.14
Negative social support	.11 (.04)	2.33**	.02	.21

Bootstrapping (10,000 samples) mediation analysis.

** p<.01.